Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Oct;10(5):452-6. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833e08ae.
The aim of the review is to provide up-to-date information on the multiple roles of epidermal keratinocytes in the immune reactions associated with allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis skin diseases.
In the last two decades, it has become clear that keratinocytes are highly active immunological cells, with major control over the acute and the chronic phases of skin inflammation by means of cytokine/chemokine production and surface molecule expression. Keratinocyte responses in skin allergic reactions are rather disease-specific and keratinocytes from genetically determined skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, show intrinsic abnormalities in their capacity to respond to trigger factors.
Lymphokines and cytokines released by T lymphocytes and other immune cells represent the most important stimuli that elicit the inflammatory activation of keratinocytes. Depending on the type and extent of T-cell infiltrate present in allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis skin lesions, keratinocytes are exposed to different cytokine micromilieu and, in turn, produce flogosis mediators qualitatively and quantitatively specific for each disease. Keratinocyte-derived inflammatory molecules amplificate skin immune responses associated with allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis, and contribute to the disease process and clinical phenotype development.
本综述旨在提供有关表皮角质形成细胞在与过敏性接触性皮炎和特应性皮炎皮肤疾病相关的免疫反应中的多种作用的最新信息。
在过去的二十年中，已经清楚地表明角质形成细胞是高度活跃的免疫细胞，通过细胞因子/趋化因子的产生和表面分子的表达，对皮肤炎症的急性和慢性阶段具有主要的控制作用。皮肤过敏反应中的角质形成细胞反应具有较强的疾病特异性，并且包括特应性皮炎在内的由遗传决定的皮肤疾病中的角质形成细胞在对触发因素的反应能力方面存在内在异常。
T 淋巴细胞和其他免疫细胞释放的淋巴因子和细胞因子是引发角质形成细胞炎症激活的最重要刺激物。根据过敏性接触性皮炎和特应性皮炎皮肤病变中存在的 T 细胞浸润的类型和程度，角质形成细胞暴露于不同的细胞因子微环境中，并相应地产生每种疾病特有的定性和定量的炎症介质。角质形成细胞衍生的炎症分子放大与过敏性接触性皮炎和特应性皮炎相关的皮肤免疫反应，并有助于疾病过程和临床表型的发展。
