British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2010 Aug 2;5(8):e11683. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011683.
The remote and hostile Southern Ocean is home to a diverse and rich community of life that thrives in an environment dominated by glaciations and strong currents. Marine biological studies in the region date back to the nineteenth century, but despite this long history of research, relatively little is known about the complex interactions between the highly seasonal physical environment and the species that inhabit the Southern Ocean. Oceanographically, the Southern Ocean is a major driver of global ocean circulation and plays a vital role in interacting with the deep water circulation in each of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The Census of Antarctic Marine Life and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Marine Biodiversity Information Network (SCAR-MarBIN) have strived to coordinate and unify the available scientific expertise and biodiversity data to improve our understanding of Southern Ocean biodiversity. Taxonomic lists for all marine species have been compiled to form the Register of Antarctic Marine Species, which currently includes over 8,200 species. SCAR-MarBIN has brought together over 1 million distribution records for Southern Ocean species, forming a baseline against which future change can be judged. The sample locations and numbers of known species from different regions were mapped and the depth distributions of benthic samples plotted. Our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean is largely determined by the relative inaccessibility of the region. Benthic sampling is largely restricted to the shelf; little is known about the fauna of the deep sea. The location of scientific bases heavily influences the distribution pattern of sample and observation data, and the logistical supply routes are the focus of much of the at-sea and pelagic work. Taxa such as mollusks and echinoderms are well represented within existing datasets with high numbers of georeferenced records. Other taxa, including the species-rich nematodes, are represented by just a handful of digital records.
南大洋地处偏远，环境恶劣，但却是一个生物多样性极其丰富的地方，许多生物在以冰川作用和强流为主导的环境中茁壮成长。该地区的海洋生物学研究可以追溯到 19 世纪，但尽管研究历史悠久，人们对高度季节性的物理环境与栖息在南大洋的物种之间的复杂相互作用仍然知之甚少。从海洋学角度来看，南大洋是全球海洋环流的主要驱动力，在与太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的深层水环流相互作用方面发挥着至关重要的作用。南极海洋生物普查和南极研究科学委员会海洋生物多样性信息网络（SCAR-MarBIN）一直致力于协调和统一现有的科学专业知识和生物多样性数据，以增进对南大洋生物多样性的了解。已经编制了所有海洋物种的分类清单，以形成南极海洋物种登记册，其中目前包括 8200 多种物种。SCAR-MarBIN 汇集了超过 100 万个南大洋物种的分布记录，形成了一个可以用来判断未来变化的基准。对不同区域的已知物种的样本位置和数量进行了映射，并绘制了底栖样本的深度分布。我们对南大洋生物多样性的了解在很大程度上取决于该地区相对难以进入的性质。底栖采样主要局限于大陆架；深海动物群的情况知之甚少。科学基地的位置极大地影响了样本和观测数据的分布模式，而物流供应路线是海上和浮游工作的重点。在现有的数据集内，有壳类动物和棘皮动物等分类群的记录数量多，地理参考记录丰富，代表性强。其他分类群，包括物种丰富的线虫，只有少数数字记录。
