Anderson M W, You M, Reynolds S H
Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;283:235-43. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5877-0_23.
The transformation of a normal cell into a tumorigenic cell involves both the activation and concerted expression of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of suppressor genes. The activation of ras proto-oncogenes represents one step in the multistep process of carcinogenesis for a variety of rodent and human tumors. This activation is probably an early event in tumorigenesis in many cases and may be the 'initiation' event in some cases. Thus, a chemical that induces rodent tumors by activation of ras proto-oncogenes can potentially invoke one step of the neoplastic process in humans exposed to the chemical. Moreover, dominant transforming oncogenes other than ras have been detected in human tumors as well as rodent tumors. The involvement of these putative proto-oncogenes in the development of neoplasia is unclear at present.
正常细胞向致瘤细胞的转变涉及原癌基因的激活与协同表达以及抑癌基因的失活。ras原癌基因的激活是多种啮齿动物和人类肿瘤发生多步骤过程中的一个步骤。在许多情况下，这种激活可能是肿瘤发生的早期事件，在某些情况下可能是“启动”事件。因此，通过激活ras原癌基因诱导啮齿动物肿瘤的化学物质可能会在接触该化学物质的人类中引发肿瘤形成过程的一个步骤。此外，除ras之外的显性转化癌基因也已在人类肿瘤和啮齿动物肿瘤中被检测到。目前尚不清楚这些推定的原癌基因在肿瘤形成中的作用。
