Toledo-Pereyra Luis H
Departments of Research and Surgery, Western Michigan University, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
J Invest Surg. 2010 Aug;23(4):177-82. doi: 10.3109/08941939.2010.505846.
Harvey W. Cushing (1869-1939) is the only surgeon represented in Surgical Research IV and one of the most accomplished American contributors to surgical research in general and to neurological and endocrine surgery research in particular. Other surgical research leaders of the 19th and 20th centuries who preceded Harvey Cushing have been introduced before. First, we highlighted the "importance of medical and surgical research" as the basic elements in the advancement of medicine and surgery could be considered as Surgical Research I. Second, in Surgical Research II, we presented William Beaumont, Samuel Gross, and William Halsted as the most important participants of the first wave of American surgical researchers. Next, in Surgical Research III, we considered surgeon researchers who moved ahead in the field of surgery with their research initiatives at the time, including John B. Murphy, the Mayo Brothers William J. and Charles H. Mayo, and George W. Crile. With Harvey Cushing, we enter an era of surgical research associated with neurosurgery and endocrine surgery as part of Surgical Research IV.
哈维·W·库欣（1869 - 1939）是《外科研究IV》中唯一被提及的外科医生，也是美国外科研究领域最有成就的贡献者之一，尤其在神经外科和内分泌外科研究方面。19世纪和20世纪在哈维·库欣之前的其他外科研究领军人物此前已被介绍过。首先，我们强调了“医学和外科研究的重要性”，因为医学和外科进步的基本要素可被视为《外科研究I》。其次，在《外科研究II》中，我们介绍了威廉·博蒙特、塞缪尔·格罗斯和威廉·霍尔斯特德，他们是美国外科研究第一波最重要的参与者。接下来，在《外科研究III》中，我们探讨了当时凭借研究举措在外科领域取得进展的外科研究人员，包括约翰·B·墨菲、梅奥兄弟威廉·J·梅奥和查尔斯·H·梅奥，以及乔治·W·克里尔。随着哈维·库欣的出现，我们进入了一个与神经外科和内分泌外科相关的外科研究时代，这是《外科研究IV》的一部分。
