Center of Urban and Regional Systems, DECivil, Technical University of Lisbon Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
J Environ Manage. 2010 Dec;91(12):2632-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.039. Epub 2010 Aug 8.
The urban waste market has evolved significantly in the past decades, which among other changes, has led to the creation of new utilities and new business models. However, very few things have changed for the users. Urban waste collection remains mainly under the responsibility of local authorities and the charges paid by the users in most countries are very low compared to the provision costs. This situation forces the injection of public money into the system, encouraging the 'quiet-life' within the utilities and, therefore, inefficiency. The present study intends to analyze the potential for the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSc) methodology into the waste utilities. After a comprehensive revision of the urban waste sector in Portugal, the methodology of BSc and its application in local public services is described and discussed. Focusing on implementation rather than on strategy, a set of performance indicators is proposed to be utilized in the different management models of waste utilities in Portugal: the municipalities, semi-autonomous utilities, municipal companies and mixed companies. This implementation is then exemplified through four case studies, one for each type of utility. This paper provides a flexible framework proposal to be applied to waste utilities operating both in Portugal and abroad.
在过去几十年中，城市废物市场发生了重大变化，除其他变化外，还催生了新的公用事业和新的商业模式。然而，用户的情况几乎没有变化。城市废物收集主要仍由地方当局负责，在大多数国家，用户支付的费用与提供服务的成本相比非常低。这种情况迫使公共资金注入系统，助长了公用事业内部的“安逸生活”，从而导致效率低下。本研究旨在分析平衡计分卡（BSC）方法在废物公用事业中的应用潜力。在对葡萄牙城市废物部门进行全面审查后，描述并讨论了 BSC 及其在地方公共服务中的应用。本研究侧重于实施而不是战略，提出了一套绩效指标，以在葡萄牙的废物公用事业的不同管理模式中使用：市政当局、半自治公用事业、市政公司和混合公司。然后通过四个案例研究来说明这种实施情况，每个案例研究代表一种类型的公用事业。本文提供了一个灵活的框架建议，可应用于葡萄牙和国外的废物公用事业。
