College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2010 Jul;53(7):831-40. doi: 10.1007/s11427-010-4026-0. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
Quantifying forest carbon (C) storage and distribution is important for forest C cycling studies and terrestrial ecosystem modeling. Forest inventory and allometric approaches were used to measure C density and allocation in six representative temperate forests of similar stand age (42-59 years old) and growing under the same climate in northeastern China. The forests were an aspen-birch forest, a hardwood forest, a Korean pine plantation, a Dahurian larch plantation, a mixed deciduous forest, and a Mongolian oak forest. There were no significant differences in the C densities of ecosystem components (except for detritus) although the six forests had varying vegetation compositions and site conditions. However, the differences were significant when the C pools were normalized against stand basal area. The total ecosystem C density varied from 186.9 tC hm(-2) to 349.2 tC hm(-2) across the forests. The C densities of vegetation, detritus, and soil ranged from 86.3-122.7 tC hm(-2), 6.5-10.5 tC hm(-2), and 93.7-220.1 tC hm(-2), respectively, which accounted for 39.7% +/- 7.1% (mean +/- SD), 3.3% +/- 1.1%, and 57.0% +/- 7.9% of the total C densities, respectively. The overstory C pool accounted for > 99% of the total vegetation C pool. The foliage biomass, small root (diameter < 5mm) biomass, root-shoot ratio, and small root to foliage biomass ratio varied from 2.08-4.72 tC hm(-2), 0.95-3.24 tC hm(-2), 22.0%-28.3%, and 34.5%-122.2%, respectively. The Korean pine plantation had the lowest foliage production efficiency (total biomass/foliage biomass: 22.6 g g(-1)) among the six forests, while the Dahurian larch plantation had the highest small root production efficiency (total biomass/small root biomass: 124.7 g g(-1)). The small root C density decreased with soil depth for all forests except for the Mongolian oak forest, in which the small roots tended to be vertically distributed downwards. The C density of coarse woody debris was significantly less in the two plantations than in the four naturally regenerated forests. The variability of C allocation patterns in a specific forest is jointly influenced by vegetation type, management history, and local water and nutrient availability. The study provides important data for developing and validating C cycling models for temperate forests.
量化森林碳（C）储量和分布对于森林 C 循环研究和陆地生态系统建模非常重要。本研究采用森林清查和比式法，测量了中国东北 6 个具有相似林龄（42-59 年）和相同气候条件的典型温带森林的 C 密度和分配。这些森林分别为：白杨-桦木林、硬木林、红松林、落叶松林、混交林和蒙古栎林。尽管这 6 个森林具有不同的植被组成和立地条件，但生态系统各组成部分（除碎屑外）的 C 密度没有显著差异。然而，当 C 库与林分基面积归一化时，差异是显著的。整个生态系统的 C 密度在各森林间变化范围为 186.9-349.2 tC hm(-2)。植被、碎屑和土壤的 C 密度分别为 86.3-122.7 tC hm(-2)、6.5-10.5 tC hm(-2)和 93.7-220.1 tC hm(-2)，分别占总 C 密度的 39.7% +/- 7.1%（均值 +/- SD）、3.3% +/- 1.1%和 57.0% +/- 7.9%。上层林冠 C 库占总植被 C 库的 > 99%。叶片生物量、小根（直径 < 5mm）生物量、根冠比和小根/叶片生物量比分别为 2.08-4.72 tC hm(-2)、0.95-3.24 tC hm(-2)、22.0%-28.3%和 34.5%-122.2%。在这 6 个森林中，红松林的叶片生产力效率最低（总生物量/叶片生物量：22.6 g g(-1))，而落叶松林的小根生产力效率最高（总生物量/小根生物量：124.7 g g(-1))。除蒙古栎林外，所有森林的小根 C 密度均随土壤深度的增加而降低，而蒙古栎林的小根倾向于向下垂直分布。与四个天然更新林相比，两个人工林的粗木质残体 C 密度显著较低。特定森林中 C 分配格局的变异性受到植被类型、管理历史和当地水、养分供应的共同影响。本研究为温带森林碳循环模型的开发和验证提供了重要数据。
