Kaposi's sarcoma unrelated to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Kaposi's sarcoma has achieved considerable notoriety in the past decade because of its association with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nonetheless, this neoplasm continues to affect patients who do not have AIDS, and analysis of such cases may provide information that is useful in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. Recent data indicate that non-AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma shows a predilection for individuals with the HLA-DR5 haplotype and that this genetic locus may affect immune function. In addition, other information suggests that infection with cytomegalovirus may represent the "trigger" for oncogenesis in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. In view of the latter finding, therapies with such antiviral agents as zidovudine may be indicated in cases of non-AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.