Helmy Moshira M F
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Misr University for Science & Technology, Al-Motamayez District 6th of October Governorate, P.O. Box 77, Egypt.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Oct;10(5):368-75. doi: 10.2174/187152610793180885.
Cyclosporiasis is a protracted, relapsing gastroenteritis and has a short recorded history. Cyclospora cayetanensis is an enigmatic parasite since its discovery highlights the need for isolation of cases of infection that could be part of widespread outbreaks. It is associated with diarrhoea among children in developing countries in the Americas, where C. cayetanensis is endemic; traveller's diarrhoea and/or food and waterborne outbreaks sometimes occur in the developed countries. In SubSaharan Africa and Egypt, cyclosporiasis has been reported to occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Zoonotic species of Cyclospora have also been identified worldwide in primates, indicating likely endemicity of this underreported disease. This can be attributed to the lack of awareness in the public and medical profession concerning the disease, which is, therefore, not routinely tested at the health centres. The correlation between the density of water contamination and the prevalence of cyclosporiasis among the individuals of each area is significant. No doubt, water is the main vehicle of transmission in the present community. Soil contact and poultry are significant risk factors. All literature on C. cayetanensis, cyclosporiasis worldwide, and endemic cyclosporiasis was searched from libraries, colleagues and internet. Although cyclosporiasis is considered an enigma worth unravelling, with many aspects of this disease and its transmission having been uncovered only recently, the situation has been rapidly changing since the disease first came to medical attention in the 1970s.
环孢子虫病是一种迁延性、复发性肠胃炎，其有记载的历史较短。自发现以来，卡耶塔环孢子虫一直是一种神秘的寄生虫，因为它的发现凸显了隔离可能是广泛疫情一部分的感染病例的必要性。在美洲的发展中国家，卡耶塔环孢子虫是地方病，它与儿童腹泻有关；在发达国家有时会发生旅行者腹泻和/或食源性及水源性疫情。在撒哈拉以南非洲和埃及，据报道免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常的患者都会发生环孢子虫病。在全球范围内，灵长类动物中也发现了环孢子虫的人畜共患病种类，这表明这种报告不足的疾病可能具有地方流行性。这可归因于公众和医学界对该疾病缺乏认识，因此，在健康中心通常不会对其进行检测。每个地区个体中环孢子虫病的患病率与水污染密度之间存在显著相关性。毫无疑问，水是当前社区的主要传播媒介。接触土壤和家禽是重要的危险因素。我们从图书馆、同事和互联网上搜索了所有关于卡耶塔环孢子虫、全球环孢子虫病和地方性环孢子虫病的文献。尽管环孢子虫病被认为是一个值得解开的谜团，该疾病及其传播的许多方面直到最近才被发现，但自20世纪70年代该疾病首次引起医学关注以来，情况一直在迅速变化。
