Department of Resources and Environment, Agriculture College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhangjiang City, Guangdong, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Nov;73(8):1914-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.024. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
Acid rain pollution is a serious environmental problem in the world. This study investigated impacts of simulated acid rain (SAR) upon four types of soil enzymes, namely the catalase, acid phosphatase, urease, and amylase, in a latosol. Latosol is an acidic red soil and forms in the tropical rainforest biome. Laboratory experiments were performed by spraying the soil columns with the SAR at pH levels of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5., 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 7.0 (control) over a 20-day period. Mixed results were obtained in enzyme activities for different kinds of enzymes under the influences of the SAR. The catalase activities increased rapidly from day 0 to 5, then decreased slightly from day 5 to 15, and finally decreased sharply to the end of the experiments, whereas the acid phosphatase activities decreased rapidly from day 0 to 5, then increased slightly from day 5 to 15, and finally decreased dramatically to the end of the experiments. A decrease in urease activities was observed at all of the SAR pH levels for the entire experimental period, while an increase from day 0 to 5 and then a decrease from day 5 to 20 in amylase activities were observed at all of the SAR pH levels. In general, the catalase, acid phosphatase, and urease activities increased with the SAR pH levels. However, the maximum amylase activity was found at pH 4.0 and decreased as the SAR pH increased from 4.0 to 5.0 or decreased from 4.0 to 2.5. It is apparent that acid rain had adverse environmental impacts on soil enzyme activities in the latosol. Our study further revealed that impacts of the SAR upon soil enzyme activities were in the following order: amylase>catalase>acid phosphatase>urease. These findings provide useful information on better understanding and managing soil biological processes in the nature under the influence of acid rains.
酸雨污染是世界上一个严重的环境问题。本研究调查了模拟酸雨（SAR）对四种土壤酶（即过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和淀粉酶）在红壤中的影响。红壤是一种酸性的红色土壤，形成于热带雨林生物群系。通过在 20 天内用 SAR 在 pH 值为 2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0 和 7.0（对照）对土壤柱进行喷雾，进行了实验室实验。在 SAR 的影响下，不同种类的酶的酶活性得到了混合的结果。在整个实验过程中，过氧化氢酶活性从第 0 天到第 5 天迅速增加，然后从第 5 天到第 15 天略有下降，最后在实验结束时急剧下降，而酸性磷酸酶活性从第 0 天到第 5 天迅速下降，然后从第 5 天到第 15 天略有增加，最后在实验结束时急剧下降。在整个实验过程中，所有 SAR pH 值下的脲酶活性都下降，而在所有 SAR pH 值下，淀粉酶活性从第 0 天到第 5 天增加，然后从第 5 天到第 20 天下降。总的来说，过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性随着 SAR pH 值的增加而增加。然而，在 pH 值为 4.0 时，最大的淀粉酶活性最高，当 SAR pH 值从 4.0 增加到 5.0 或从 4.0 降低到 2.5 时，淀粉酶活性降低。显然，酸雨对红壤中土壤酶活性有不利的环境影响。我们的研究进一步表明，SAR 对土壤酶活性的影响顺序为：淀粉酶>过氧化氢酶>酸性磷酸酶>脲酶。这些发现为更好地理解和管理酸雨影响下自然土壤生物过程提供了有用的信息。
