Gray-Miceli Deanna, Ratcliffe Sarah J, Johnson Jerry
Rutgers College of Nursing, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
West J Nurs Res. 2010 Nov;32(7):932-48. doi: 10.1177/0193945910370697. Epub 2010 Aug 12.
Nursing research in fall prevention should not only identify etiologic risk factors to fall but seek to identify underlying causes, whenever possible. Few studies have investigated the use of a comprehensive postfall assessment tool (PFAT) by nurses as an intervention for the prevention of recurrent falls, especially one that prompts nurses to consider all potential causes through a categorization scheme. This study tested use of a comprehensive PFAT as an intervention, prospectively, facility-wide for 1 year by registered nurses using a pretest-posttest design. A 29.4% reduction in the fall rate (z = 3.89, p < .001), 27.6% decline in total falls experienced by all fallers (p < .001), and a 34.0% decline for recurrent fallers (p = .025) from preintervention to intervention year was observed when trained nurses categorized falls according to perceived causes. These declines are likely due to consistent and rigorous use by trained nursing staff, prompting their critical examination of each fall.
预防跌倒的护理研究不仅应识别跌倒的病因风险因素，还应尽可能找出潜在原因。很少有研究调查护士使用综合跌倒后评估工具（PFAT）作为预防再次跌倒的干预措施，尤其是那种通过分类方案促使护士考虑所有潜在原因的工具。本研究采用前测-后测设计，对注册护士在全机构范围内前瞻性地使用综合PFAT作为干预措施进行了为期1年的测试。当经过培训的护士根据感知到的原因对跌倒进行分类时，从干预前到干预年观察到跌倒率下降了29.4%（z = 3.89，p < .001），所有跌倒者经历的跌倒总数下降了27.6%（p < .001），再次跌倒者下降了34.0%（p = .025）。这些下降可能归因于经过培训的护理人员持续且严格的使用，促使他们对每一次跌倒进行批判性审视。
