Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Sep 8;58(17):9838-46. doi: 10.1021/jf102253j.
Intake of a diet rich in phytoestrogens has been associated with a decreased risk for hormone-dependent cancers in humans. Biomonitoring of phytoestrogens in human urine has been used to assess the intake of phytoestrogens. Although studies have reported phytoestrogen levels in urine specimens from the United States and Japan, little is known of human intake of phytoestrogens in other Asian countries. In this study we determined the concentrations of seven phytoestrogens, namely, enterolactone, enterodiol, daidzein, equol, O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA), genistein, and coumestrol, in 199 human urine samples from three Asian countries, Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh), Cambodia (Phnom Penh), and India (Chennai and Kolkata), using a simple, sensitive, and reliable liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method. The residue levels of phytoestrogens in urine samples from the three Asian countries were compared with the concentrations in 26 urine samples from Japan (Ehime) and 16 urine samples from the United States (Albany), analyzed in this study. Among the phytoestrogens analyzed, isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were predominant in urine samples from Vietnam; samples from Cambodia and India contained higher concentrations of enterolactone than isoflavones. Urinary concentrations of isoflavones in samples from Hanoi, Vietnam, were notably higher than the concentrations in samples from Cambodia, India, and the United States and similar to the concentrations in samples from Japan. The lowest concentrations of daidzein and the highest concentrations of enterolactone were found in urine samples from India. Concentrations of equol and O-DMA, which are microbial transformation products of daidzein (produced by gut microflora), were notably high in urine samples from Hanoi, Vietnam. The ratios of the concentration of equol or O-DMA to that of daidzein were significantly higher in samples from Hanoi than from Japan, indicating high biotransformation efficiency of daidzein by the population in Hanoi. High concentrations of equol, in addition to isoflavones, in urine have been linked to reduced breast cancer risk in previous studies, and, thus, the Vietnamese population may have potential protective effect against breast cancer. This study suggests that the dietary intake and profiles of phytoestrogens vary considerably, even among Asian countries.
摄入富含植物雌激素的饮食已被证明可降低人类激素依赖性癌症的风险。人体尿液中的植物雌激素生物监测已被用于评估植物雌激素的摄入量。尽管已有研究报告了来自美国和日本的尿液标本中的植物雌激素水平，但对于其他亚洲国家的人体植物雌激素摄入量知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用一种简单、灵敏、可靠的液相色谱（LC）-串联质谱（MS/MS）方法，测定了来自亚洲三个国家（越南[河内和胡志明市]、柬埔寨[金边]和印度[钦奈和加尔各答]）的 199 个人类尿液样本中七种植物雌激素的浓度，即肠内酯、肠二醇、大豆苷、黄豆苷元、O-去甲安哥拉宁（O-DMA）、染料木黄酮和香豆雌酚。将这三个亚洲国家尿液样本中的植物雌激素残留水平与本研究中分析的来自日本（爱媛）的 26 个尿液样本和来自美国的 16 个尿液样本中的浓度进行了比较。在所分析的植物雌激素中，在越南的尿液样本中以大豆苷元和染料木黄酮为主；而柬埔寨和印度的尿液样本中肠内酯的浓度高于大豆苷元和染料木黄酮。来自越南河内的尿液样本中的异黄酮浓度明显高于柬埔寨、印度和美国的样本，与日本的样本浓度相当。在来自印度的尿液样本中，大豆苷和黄豆苷元的浓度最低，肠内酯的浓度最高。大豆苷（由肠道微生物群产生）的微生物转化产物，即黄豆苷元和 O-DMA 的浓度在来自越南河内的尿液样本中明显较高。来自河内的样本中，黄豆苷元与肠内酯或 O-DMA 的浓度比在样本中明显高于来自日本的样本，这表明河内人群对大豆苷元的生物转化效率很高。先前的研究表明，尿液中高浓度的结合雌激素，除了异黄酮之外，还与乳腺癌风险降低有关，因此，越南人群可能对乳腺癌具有潜在的保护作用。本研究表明，即使在亚洲国家之间，植物雌激素的饮食摄入和种类也存在很大差异。
Zotero 插件