Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2010 Sep;81(1):18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.022. Epub 2010 Aug 13.
The evolution of CO(2), CH(4) and N(2)O were monitored in five composting mixtures prepared from two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) and different agroindustrial by-products in order to assess the effect of the initial composition and the N source on greenhouse gas emission. Surface gas fluxes were measured using a closed static chamber and compared to the changes in different organic matter fractions (organic and watersoluble C) and N forms (NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-)). CH(4) emissions depended on the organic matter mineralisation dynamics and the incorporation of manure in the starting mixture. The highest CH(4) fluxes were registered during the intense degradation at early stages of the process (up to 100 g Cm(-2)d(-1)). The emission of N(2)O (0-0.9 g Nm(-2)d(-1)) occurred from 6th to 10th wk of composting (bioxidative phase), coinciding with an intense nitrification in the pile. The use of urea enhanced the N(2)O emission up to 3.7 g Nm(-2)d(-1), due to an increase in available mineral N in the pile. Even though well managed TPOMW composting piles only represent a minor source of CH(4) and N(2)O emissions, the addition of urea and easily available C fractions to the starting mixtures can significantly increase the environmental impact of TPOMW composting as far as greenhouse gas emissions are concerned.
为了评估初始成分和氮源对温室气体排放的影响，研究人员监测了由两相橄榄磨废料（TPOMW）和不同农业工业副产物制备的 5 种堆肥混合物中 CO(2)、CH(4) 和 N(2)O 的演变。使用封闭静态室测量表面气体通量，并将其与不同有机物分数（有机和水溶性 C）和氮形式（NH(4)(+) 和 NO(3)(-))的变化进行比较。CH(4)排放取决于有机物矿化动力学和粪肥在起始混合物中的掺入。在过程早期的强烈降解阶段（高达 100 g Cm(-2)d(-1)），记录到最高的 CH(4)通量。N(2)O 的排放（0-0.9 g Nm(-2)d(-1)）发生在堆肥的第 6 至 10 周（双氧化阶段），与堆肥中强烈的硝化作用同时发生。由于堆肥中可利用的矿化氮增加，尿素的使用将 N(2)O 的排放增加到 3.7 g Nm(-2)d(-1)。尽管管理良好的 TPOMW 堆肥堆仅代表 CH(4)和 N(2)O 排放的一个较小来源，但将尿素和易利用的 C 分数添加到起始混合物中会显著增加 TPOMW 堆肥的环境影响，就温室气体排放而言。
