School of Biological Sciences & Centre for Marine Environmental and Economic Research, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2011 Feb;106(2):165-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.08.002. Epub 2010 Aug 13.
We conducted gross and microscopic characterizations of lesions in Cnidaria from Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific. We found growth anomalies (GA) to be the most commonly encountered lesion. Cases of discoloration and tissue loss were rare. GAs had a focal or multi-focal distribution and were predominantly nodular, exophytic, and umbonate. In scleractinians, the majority of GAs manifested as hyperplasia of the basal body wall (52% of cases), with an associated absence or reduction of polyp structure (mesenteries and filaments, actinopharynx and tentacles), and depletion of zooxanthellae in the gastrodermis of the upper body wall. In the soft corals Sinularia sp. and Lobophytum sp., GAs exclusively manifested as prominent hyperplasia of the coenenchyme with an increased density of solenia. In contrast to scleractinians, soft coral GAs displayed an inflammatory and necrotizing component with marked edema of the mesoglea, accompanied by infiltrates of variably-sized granular amoebocytes. Fungi, algae, sponges, and Crustacea were present in some scleractinian GAs, but absent in soft coral GAs. Fragmentation of tissues was a common finding in Acropora acuminata and Montipora cf. dilatata colonies with tissue loss, although no obvious causative agents were seen. Discoloration in the zoanthid, Palythoa tuberculosa, was found to be the result of necrosis, while in Lobophytum sp. discoloration was the result of zooxanthellar depletion (bleaching). Soft corals with discoloration or tissue loss showed a marked inflammatory response, however no obvious causative organisms were seen. Lesions that appeared similar at the gross level were revealed to be distinct by microscopy, emphasizing the importance of histopathology.
我们对中太平洋帕尔米拉环礁的刺胞动物进行了大体和显微镜下特征描述。我们发现生长异常（GA）是最常见的病变。变色和组织缺失的情况很少见。GA 呈局灶性或多灶性分布，主要为结节状、外生性和脐状。在石珊瑚中，大多数 GA 表现为基底层壁的增生（52%的病例），伴有息肉结构的缺失或减少（中肠系膜和丝状体、 actinopharynx 和触须），以及胃壁上皮层中的虫黄藻耗竭。在软珊瑚 Sinularia sp. 和 Lobophytum sp. 中，GA 仅表现为 coenenchyme 的显著增生， solenia 的密度增加。与石珊瑚不同的是，软珊瑚 GA 表现出炎症和坏死成分，中胶层明显水肿，伴有大小不一的颗粒状变形阿米巴细胞浸润。真菌、藻类、海绵和甲壳类动物存在于一些石珊瑚 GA 中，但不存在于软珊瑚 GA 中。组织碎片是 Acropora acuminata 和 Montipora cf. dilatata 组织缺失的常见现象，尽管没有明显的致病因素。zoanthid Palythoa tuberculosa 的变色被认为是坏死的结果，而在 Lobophytum sp. 中变色是虫黄藻耗竭（白化）的结果。变色或组织缺失的软珊瑚表现出明显的炎症反应，但没有明显的致病生物。在大体水平上看起来相似的病变，通过显微镜检查发现是不同的，这强调了组织病理学的重要性。
