Talarowska Monika, Florkowski Antoni, Mossakowska Joanna, Gałecki Piotr
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodz, Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2010 Jul;29(169):70-3.
In the recent decades research on child abuse has grown impressively. Four types of child abuse: physical, psychological (emotional), sexual, and neglect have been clinically observed and defined. In 1972, John Caffey, a pediatric radiologist, published an article on the theory and practice of the abusive shaking of infants. This was followed, in 1974, with a second article on the whiplash shaken baby syndrome (SBS). Shaken baby syndrome, is caused by the violent shaking of a child with or without contact between the child's head and a hard surface. Such contact may result in head trauma, including subdural hematoma, diffuse axonal injury and retinal hemorrhage. The annual estimated rate of inflicted traumatic brain injury is 30 cases per 100,000 children aged 1 year of younger. Shaken baby syndrome often occurs after shaking in response to crying bouts. In 2001, an estimated 903,000 children were victims of SBS. Additionally, 1300 children were fatally injured from SBS the same year. The ability to detect SBS is difficult secondary to under reporting and misdiagnosis. There is no established set of symptoms that indicate SBS.
近几十年来,对虐待儿童的研究有了显著增长。临床上已观察并定义了四种虐待儿童的类型:身体虐待、心理(情感)虐待、性虐待和忽视。1972年,儿科放射学家约翰·卡菲发表了一篇关于婴儿摇晃虐待的理论与实践的文章。1974年,又发表了第二篇关于摇晃婴儿鞭打综合征(SBS)的文章。摇晃婴儿综合征是由对儿童进行剧烈摇晃引起的,无论儿童头部是否与坚硬表面接触。这种接触可能导致头部创伤,包括硬膜下血肿、弥漫性轴索损伤和视网膜出血。估计每年每10万名1岁及以下儿童中遭受外伤性脑损伤的发生率为30例。摇晃婴儿综合征通常发生在因哭闹发作而摇晃之后。2001年,估计有90.3万名儿童是摇晃婴儿综合征的受害者。此外,同年有1300名儿童因摇晃婴儿综合征而致命受伤。由于报告不足和误诊,检测摇晃婴儿综合征的能力很困难。目前还没有一套既定的症状来表明摇晃婴儿综合征。