Kim Hyun-Jung
Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jan;1812(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.08.006. Epub 2010 Aug 14.
Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons, making it the most expected neurodegenerative disease to be treated by cell replacement therapy. Stem cells are a promising source for cell replacement therapy due to their ability to self-renew and their pluripotency/multipotency that allows them to generate various types of cells. However, it is challenging to derive midbrain DA neurons from stem cells. Thus, in this review, I will discuss the molecular factors that are known to play critical roles in the generation and survival of DA neurons. The developmental process of DA neurons and functions of extrinsic soluble factors and homeodomain proteins, forkhead box proteins, proneural genes, Nurr1 and genes involved in epigenetic control are discussed. In addition, different types of stem cells that have potential for future cell replacement therapy are reviewed.
帕金森病（PD）涉及多巴胺（DA）神经元的丧失，这使其成为最有望通过细胞替代疗法治疗的神经退行性疾病。干细胞因其自我更新能力以及使其能够产生各种类型细胞的多能性/多向分化潜能，成为细胞替代疗法的一个有前景的细胞来源。然而，从干细胞中获得中脑DA神经元具有挑战性。因此，在本综述中，我将讨论已知在DA神经元的生成和存活中起关键作用的分子因素。讨论了DA神经元的发育过程以及外在可溶性因子和同源结构域蛋白、叉头框蛋白、神经前体基因、Nurr1和参与表观遗传控制的基因的功能。此外，还综述了未来有细胞替代疗法潜力的不同类型干细胞。
