Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010 Oct;23(5):464-9. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833dcebd.
The cellular secretory pathway, composed of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and cellular vesicles, mediates the intracellular trafficking of proteins and lipids. Gastrointestinal pathogens frequently affect the functions of enterocytes, the differentiated cells involved in secretion and absorption of extracellular molecules. Microbial pathogenesis can be enhanced by altering the trafficking of key molecules such as brush border enzymes, soluble immune mediators such as cytokines and chemokines, and MHC Class I molecules, all of which rely on the secretory pathway for their appropriate cellular localization. This review focuses on our current understanding of the distinct mechanisms employed by enteric pathogens to antagonize the secretory pathway.
Many pathogens encode individual or multiple proteins to antagonize the secretory pathway, including disrupting the trafficking of vesicles between the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and plasma membrane. This antagonism allows for increased pathogenesis and can assist, directly or indirectly, in microbial replication. Virtually all arms of the secretory pathway are targeted by intestinal pathogens, supporting the pathogenic significance of shutting this pathway down.
This review summarizes the mechanisms utilized by gut pathogens to disrupt the cellular secretory pathway and addresses potential therapeutic targets to combat these highly prevalent and burdensome microbes.
目的综述：细胞分泌途径由内质网、高尔基体和细胞小泡组成，介导蛋白质和脂质的细胞内运输。胃肠道病原体经常影响参与细胞外分子分泌和吸收的分化细胞——肠细胞的功能。通过改变关键分子的运输，如刷状缘酶、细胞因子和趋化因子等可溶性免疫介质以及 MHC I 类分子，微生物发病机制可以得到增强，所有这些都依赖于分泌途径进行适当的细胞定位。这篇综述重点介绍了肠道病原体用于拮抗分泌途径的不同机制。
最近的发现：许多病原体编码单个或多个蛋白来拮抗分泌途径，包括破坏内质网、高尔基体和质膜之间的小泡运输。这种拮抗作用增加了发病机制，并可以直接或间接地促进微生物的复制。肠道病原体几乎靶向分泌途径的所有分支，支持了关闭该途径的致病意义。
总结：本综述总结了肠道病原体破坏细胞分泌途径的机制，并探讨了对抗这些高度流行和负担沉重的微生物的潜在治疗靶点。
