Same-day surgery preparation: reduction of pediatric patient arousal and distress through participant modeling.

Twenty-six children (mean age = 5.5 years) were exposed to one of three surgery preparatory conditions: participant modeling alone (n = 9), participant modeling with mother (n = 8), and standard procedure control (n = 9). Children exposed to the modeling slide-tape without their mothers had significant reductions in physiological arousal after the slide-tape presentation, unlike children viewing the tape with their mothers and children exposed to the control condition. Both participant modeling groups exhibited significantly fewer distressful behaviors during recovery (postsurgery) than did control group children. Results are discussed with respect to previous medical preparation research. Implications of these findings concerning clinical application and future research are addressed.