Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Hum Gene Ther. 2010 Dec;21(12):1641-55. doi: 10.1089/hum.2010.156.
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are proposed as cell therapies for degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. The feasibility of allogeneic MSC therapies rests heavily on the concept that these cells avoid or actively suppress the immunological responses that cause rejection of most allogeneic cells and tissues. In this article the validity of the immune privileged status of allogeneic MSCs is explored in the context of recent literature. Current data that provide the mechanistic basis for immune modulation by MSCs are reviewed with particular attention to how MSCs modify the triggering and effector functions of innate and adaptive immunity. The ability of MSCs to induce regulatory dendritic and T-cell populations is discussed with regard to cell therapy for autoimmune disease. Finally, we examine the evidence for and against the immune privileged status of allogeneic MSCs in vivo. Allogeneic MSCs emerge as cells that are responsive to local signals and exert wide-ranging, predominantly suppressive, effects on innate and adaptive immunity. Nonetheless, these cells also retain a degree of immunogenicity in some circumstances that may limit MSC longevity and attenuate their beneficial effects. Ultimately successful allogeneic cell therapies will rely on an improved understanding of the parameters of MSC-immune system interactions in vivo.
同种异体间充质干细胞（MSCs）被提议作为治疗退行性、炎症性和自身免疫性疾病的细胞疗法。同种异体 MSC 疗法的可行性主要依赖于这样一个概念，即这些细胞可以避免或积极抑制导致大多数同种异体细胞和组织排斥的免疫反应。在本文中，我们将根据最近的文献探讨同种异体 MSC 的免疫特权地位的有效性。本文综述了 MSC 调节免疫的机制基础，特别关注 MSC 如何改变先天免疫和适应性免疫的触发和效应功能。我们还讨论了 MSC 诱导调节性树突状细胞和 T 细胞群体的能力，以及其在自身免疫性疾病的细胞治疗中的应用。最后，我们研究了同种异体 MSCs 在体内是否具有免疫特权地位的证据。同种异体 MSC 是对局部信号有反应的细胞，并对先天免疫和适应性免疫产生广泛的、主要是抑制性的影响。然而，在某些情况下，这些细胞仍然具有一定的免疫原性，这可能限制 MSC 的寿命并减弱其有益作用。最终，成功的同种异体细胞疗法将依赖于对体内 MSC-免疫系统相互作用参数的更好理解。
