Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2010 Dec;23(12):1605-18. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-04-10-0092.
Many ascomycete Fusarium spp. are plant pathogens that cause disease on both cereal and noncereal hosts. Infection of wheat ears by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum typically results in bleaching and a subsequent reduction in grain yield. Also, a large proportion of the harvested grain can be spoiled when the colonizing Fusarium mycelia produce trichothecene mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). In this study, we have explored the intracellular polar metabolome of Fusarium spp. in both toxin-producing and nonproducing conditions in vitro. Four Fusarium spp., including nine well-characterized wild-type field isolates now used routinely in laboratory experimentation, were explored. A metabolic "triple-fingerprint" was recorded using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and direct-injection electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy in both positive- and negative-ionization modes. These combined metabolomic analyses revealed that this technique is sufficient to resolve different wild-type isolates and different growth conditions. Principal components analysis was able to resolve the four species explored-F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. venenatum-as well as individual isolate differences from the same species. The external nutritional environment was found to have a far greater influence on the metabolome than the genotype of the organism. Conserved responses to DON-inducing medium were evident and included increased abundance of key compatible solutes, such as glycerol and mannitol. In addition, the concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid was elevated, indicating that the cellular nitrogen status may be affected by growth on DON-inducing medium.
许多子囊菌镰刀菌属真菌是植物病原体，可感染谷类和非谷类宿主，引起疾病。禾谷镰刀菌和 F. culmorum 感染小麦穗通常会导致漂白，随后谷物产量降低。此外，当定殖的镰刀菌菌丝产生单端孢霉烯族真菌毒素，如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 时，大量收获的谷物会受到破坏。在这项研究中，我们在体外研究了产毒和非产毒条件下镰刀菌属真菌的细胞内极性代谢组。我们探索了包括 9 种经过充分特征描述的野生型田间分离株在内的 4 种镰刀菌属真菌，这些分离株现在常规用于实验室实验。使用（1）H 核磁共振和正、负离子直接进样电喷雾电离质谱法记录代谢“三重指纹”。这些组合代谢组学分析表明，该技术足以分辨不同的野生型分离株和不同的生长条件。主成分分析能够分辨出所探索的四个物种，包括禾谷镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌、拟镰刀菌和 F. venenatum，以及来自同一物种的单个分离株差异。发现外部营养环境对代谢组的影响远远大于生物体的基因型。诱导 DON 的培养基中存在明显的保守反应，包括关键相容溶质如甘油和甘露醇的丰度增加。此外，γ-氨基丁酸的浓度升高，表明细胞氮状态可能受到 DON 诱导培养基生长的影响。
