Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Cell Transplant. 2011;20(2):271-85. doi: 10.3727/096368910X519292. Epub 2010 Aug 18.
Periodontitis is the most common cause for tooth loss in adults and advanced types affect 10-15% of adults worldwide. The attempts to save tooth and regenerate the periodontal apparatus including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone reach to the dental tissue-derived stem cell therapy. Although there have been several periodontitis models suggested, the apical involvement of tooth root is especially challenging to be regenerated and dental stem cell therapy for the state has never been investigated. Three kinds of dental tissue-derived adult stem cells (aDSCs) were obtained from the extracted immature molars of beagle dogs (n = 8), and ex vivo expanded periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and periapical follicular stem cells (PAFSCs) were transplanted into the apical involvement defect. As for the lack of cementum-specific markers, anti-human cementum protein 1 (rhCEMP1) antibody was fabricated and the aDSCs and the regenerated tissues were immunostained with anti-CEMP1 antibody. Autologous PDLSCs showed the best regenerating capacity of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum as well as peripheral nerve and blood vessel, which were evaluated by conventional and immune histology, 3D micro-CT, and clinical index. The rhCEMP1 was expressed strongest in PDLSCs and in the regenerated periodontal ligament space. We suggest here the PDLSCs as the most favorable candidate for the clinical application among the three dental stem cells and can be used for treatment of advanced periodontitis where tooth removal was indicated in the clinical cases.
牙周炎是成年人牙齿缺失的最常见原因，全球有 10-15%的成年人患有晚期牙周炎。为了保存牙齿并再生牙周组织，包括牙骨质、牙周膜和牙槽骨，人们尝试了各种方法，包括牙齿组织源性干细胞治疗。虽然已经提出了几种牙周炎模型，但牙根的根尖部位特别难以再生，而且针对这种情况的牙齿干细胞治疗从未被研究过。从 8 只比格犬的未成熟磨牙中提取了 3 种牙齿组织源性成体干细胞（aDSC），并将体外扩增的牙周膜干细胞（PDLSCs）、牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）和根尖滤泡干细胞（PAFSCs）移植到根尖部位的缺损处。由于缺乏牙骨质特异性标志物，我们制备了抗人牙骨质蛋白 1（rhCEMP1）抗体，并使用该抗体对 aDSC 和再生组织进行免疫染色。自体 PDLSCs 显示出最强的牙周膜、牙槽骨和牙骨质以及周围神经和血管再生能力，通过常规和免疫组织学、3D 微 CT 和临床指标进行了评估。rhCEMP1 在 PDLSCs 和再生的牙周膜间隙中表达最强。我们建议将 PDLSCs 作为这 3 种牙齿干细胞中最适合临床应用的候选细胞，并可用于治疗需要拔牙的晚期牙周炎病例。
