Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA2160, 1 rue G Veil, BP 53508, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Chemosphere. 2010 Oct;81(6):692-700. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.064. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
Research in ecotoxicology currently focuses to fill the gap existing between sub-organismal responses (e.g. biomarkers) to toxicants and effects occurring at higher levels of biological organisation (e.g. population). The intra-sedimentary bivalve Donax trunculus commonly found in West Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts is a sentinel species useful for biomonitoring studies in sandy beaches. The objective of this work was to link responses at the infra-individual level (core biomarkers as early and sensitive tools) to supra-individual level (population for its ecological relevance). D. trunculus, originating from a polluted site (Radès Méliane) and a comparatively reference site (Sidi Jehmi) in the Gulf of Tunis (Tunisia), were collected bimonthly from November 2008 to October 2009. An increase in catalase activities was usually observed in bivalves from the polluted site compared to the reference site whereas no differences in TBARs were depicted. The anti-oxydant enzyme (catalase) could be able to prevent the deleterious effect on the lipid membranes. Usually GST activities were decreased in the polluted site. Significantly high inhibition in AChE activities in bivalves from the polluted site suggested neurotoxicity disturbances to their in situ exposure to compounds such as organophosphate and carbamates pesticides, heavy metals. Size-distribution of populations of D. trunculus from the polluted Radès Méliane site consisted of four cohorts whereas five cohorts were depicted in the comparatively reference Sidi Jehmi site. The mean total length size and the growth rate of cohorts were significantly reduced in the impacted site compared to the reference site. In conclusion, it may be suggested that disturbances in responses to chemical stress at the infra-individual level could be linked to the responses observed at the population level.
目前，生态毒理学的研究重点是填补亚个体（如生物标志物）对毒物的反应与生物组织更高层次（如种群）发生的效应之间的空白。西大西洋和地中海沿岸常见的底栖双壳类贻贝 Donax trunculus 是一种用于沙质海滩生物监测研究的指示物种。本工作的目的是将个体以下水平的反应（核心生物标志物作为早期和敏感的工具）与个体以上水平（种群的生态相关性）联系起来。贻贝 D. trunculus 来自突尼斯湾（突尼斯）受污染的拉代梅利安（Radès Méliane）和相对参考点锡蒂杰赫米（Sidi Jehmi），于 2008 年 11 月至 2009 年 10 月每两个月收集一次。与参考点相比，通常在污染点采集的贻贝中观察到过氧化氢酶活性增加，而 TBARs 则没有差异。抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶）可能能够防止对脂质膜的有害影响。通常，在污染点 GST 活性降低。污染点贻贝中 AChE 活性显著抑制表明，其原位暴露于有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药、重金属等化合物时，神经毒性受到干扰。受污染的拉代梅利安（Radès Méliane）点贻贝种群的大小分布由四个群体组成，而相对参考的锡蒂杰赫米（Sidi Jehmi）点则由五个群体组成。与参考点相比，受影响点的平均总长度大小和群体增长率明显降低。总之，可以认为个体以下水平对化学胁迫的反应受到干扰可能与在种群水平上观察到的反应有关。
