University of Windsor, 4101 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Nov;42(6):1545-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.02.020. Epub 2010 Apr 18.
To compare the differences in Canadian national estimates of correct child restraint use obtained using the standard roadside observation method compared to a detailed parking lot interview.
A multi-stage stratified survey design was used to conduct roadside observational and interview data collection at 182 randomly selected sites across Canada. For each site, a roadside intersection location and a parking lot location were used for the roadside observational survey and the interview respectively. Weighted estimates of correct restraint use from both locations were compared.
Estimates of correct restraint use were significantly higher for all children under the age of 9 in the parking lot sample. The largest discrepancy between the two samples was in booster seat aged children (ages 4-8) where 29.1% versus 67.8% of children were observed to be correctly restrained using the roadside and the parking lot methodology respectively. There was a 67% participation refusal rate in the parking lot survey.
There are specific advantages and limitations to both survey designs. The purpose of the data collection must be considered when selecting the methodology. Parking lot surveys provide richer data regarding restraint use/misuse. Estimates of correct restraint use must be approached with caution due to the effect of consent bias resulting in over inflation of estimates. Roadside observation is adequate and appropriate for providing national estimates of correct restraint use.
比较使用标准路边观察法和详细停车场访谈法获得的加拿大全国正确儿童约束使用估计值的差异。
采用多阶段分层调查设计，在加拿大随机选择的 182 个地点进行路边观察和访谈数据收集。对于每个地点，分别使用路边交叉口位置和停车场位置进行路边观察调查和访谈。比较两个位置的正确约束使用的加权估计值。
停车场样本中所有 9 岁以下儿童的正确约束使用估计值明显更高。两个样本之间最大的差异是在使用增高垫的儿童（4-8 岁）中，分别有 29.1%和 67.8%的儿童被观察到正确使用约束装置，使用路边和停车场方法。停车场调查的参与拒绝率为 67%。
两种调查设计都有特定的优势和局限性。选择方法时必须考虑数据收集的目的。停车场调查提供了关于约束装置使用/误用的更丰富数据。由于同意偏差导致估计值过高，正确约束使用的估计值必须谨慎对待。路边观察足以提供全国范围内正确约束使用的估计值。
