Chen Jing
Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010 Nov;142(1):46-50. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncq198. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
In this article, sensitivities and doses to children from intakes of radionuclides by ingestion were studied relative to adults. Generally speaking, doses to children were higher due to their higher radiosensitiveness to many radionuclides, even though they consume less food and water than adults. Therefore, the action levels in the Canadian guidelines for the restriction of radioactively contaminated food and water following a nuclear emergency were selected as the most restrictive among the six age groups that could lead to an individual receiving a dose equal to a specified intervention level of 1 mSv. For non-emergency situations, the specified intervention level is 0.1 mSv. At such a low intervention level, the maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC) in drinking water are normally derived for adults. Although this is a common practice for guidelines in non-emergency operations, for those radionuclides when the doses to children are more than 10 times higher than the doses to adults, the MAC in non-emergency situations should be limited to, at least, as restrictive as the action levels for interventional action following a nuclear emergency.
在本文中，研究了儿童因摄入放射性核素而相对于成人的敏感性和剂量。一般来说，尽管儿童摄入的食物和水比成人少，但由于他们对许多放射性核素的辐射敏感性较高，所以儿童所受剂量更高。因此，加拿大核应急后限制放射性污染食物和水的指导方针中的行动水平，是在六个年龄组中选择的最严格的水平，这一水平可能导致个人接受的剂量等于规定的1 mSv干预水平。对于非紧急情况，规定的干预水平为0.1 mSv。在如此低的干预水平下，饮用水中的最大可接受浓度（MAC）通常是针对成人得出的。虽然这是非紧急行动指导方针中的常见做法，但对于那些儿童所受剂量比成人高出10倍以上的放射性核素，非紧急情况下的MAC应至少限制在与核应急后干预行动的行动水平一样严格的程度。
