Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Aug;11(4):329-33. doi: 10.1080/15389581003792783.
Until July 2007, the driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) legislation in Denmark was based on impairment, evaluated on the basis of a clinical investigation and toxicological analyses, but in 2007 fixed concentration limits were introduced into the Danish traffic legislation. The objective for this study was to investigate the prevalence of medication and illicit drugs among Danish drivers before and after 2007.
Blood samples from drivers suspected of being under the influence of medication and/or illicit drugs were investigated as requested by the police. The results for a 10-year period before and for one year after the introduction of fixed concentration limits are presented.
A total of 2340 blood samples were analyzed for the presence of medications and/or illicit drugs for the period 1997-2006. The average number of cases per year was 234 (213-283), and on average 87 percent of the investigated cases were positive for one or more drugs. For 2008 the number of investigated traffic cases was increased to 1176. Seventy-three percent of the cases from 2008 were positive for one or more drugs. Benzodiazepines, cannabis (THC), amphetamine, heroin/morphine, methadone, cocaine, and ecstasy were the most frequently detected drugs for the period 1997-2006 and also in 2008. The number of these cases in which an ethanol level was detected above 0.5 mg/g (the Danish legal limit) was on average 18 percent (9-26%) for the period 1997-2006 and 19 percent for 2008. The average age of the drivers ranged from 31 to 34 years for the period 1997-2006 and was 31 years for 2008. The percentage of females per year ranged from 3 to 20 percent.
The number of traffic cases investigated for substances other than ethanol were consistently low, in the range of 200 to 300 per year during the period from 1997 to 2006, but after the introduction of fixed concentration limits in 2007 a 5-fold increase was seen already in 2008.
直到 2007 年 7 月，丹麦的药物影响下驾驶（DUID）立法是基于损伤的评估，根据临床调查和毒理学分析，但在 2007 年固定浓度限制被引入丹麦的交通立法。本研究的目的是调查丹麦司机在 2007 年之前和之后药物和非法药物的流行情况。
根据警方的要求，对涉嫌受药物和/或非法药物影响的司机进行血液样本检测。呈现了引入固定浓度限制的前 10 年和一年的结果。
1997 年至 2006 年期间，共分析了 2340 个血液样本，以检测药物和/或非法药物的存在。每年的平均病例数为 234 例（213-283 例），平均 87%的调查病例呈阳性，至少有一个药物。2008 年，调查的交通案件数量增加到 1176 例。2008 年的病例中，73%呈阳性，至少有一种药物。苯二氮䓬类、大麻（THC）、苯丙胺、海洛因/吗啡、美沙酮、可卡因和摇头丸是 1997 年至 2006 年期间以及 2008 年最常检测到的药物。在 1997 年至 2006 年期间，检测到乙醇水平超过 0.5 毫克/克（丹麦法定限度）的这些病例中，平均有 18%（9-26%），2008 年为 19%。司机的平均年龄在 1997 年至 2006 年期间为 31 至 34 岁，2008 年为 31 岁。每年女性的比例在 3%至 20%之间。
除乙醇以外的物质的交通案件调查数量一直很低，在 1997 年至 2006 年期间每年在 200 至 300 例之间，但在 2007 年引入固定浓度限制后，2008 年已经增加了 5 倍。
