School of Sport and Education, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2010 Aug;32(4):518-36. doi: 10.1123/jsep.32.4.518.
The present study examined the effectiveness of a priming paradigm in alleviating skill failure under stress. The priming intervention took the form of a scrambled sentence task. Experiment 1: Thirty-four skilled field-hockey players performed a dribbling task in low- and high-pressure situations under single task, skill-focused, and priming conditions. Results revealed a significant increase in performance time from low to high pressure. In addition, performance in the priming condition was significantly better than in the control and skill-focused conditions. Experiment 2: Thirty skilled field-hockey players completed the same dribbling task as in Experiment 1; however, in addition to the control and skill-focused conditions, participants were allocated to either a positive, neutral, or negative priming condition. Results revealed significant improvements in performance time from the skill focus to the control to the priming condition for the positive and neutral groups. For the negative group, times were significantly slower in the priming condition. Results are discussed in terms of utilizing priming in a sporting context.
本研究考察了启动范式在减轻应激下技能失败方面的有效性。启动干预采用了打乱句子任务的形式。实验 1：34 名熟练的曲棍球运动员在单一任务、技能聚焦和启动条件下，在低压力和高压力环境下执行运球任务。结果显示，从低压力到高压力，表现时间显著增加。此外，启动条件下的表现明显优于对照和技能聚焦条件。实验 2：30 名熟练的曲棍球运动员完成了与实验 1 相同的运球任务；然而，除了对照和技能聚焦条件外，参与者还被分配到积极、中性或消极启动条件中。结果显示，对于积极和中性组，从技能聚焦到对照再到启动条件，表现时间都有显著提高。对于消极组，启动条件下的时间明显较慢。结果从体育背景下利用启动的角度进行了讨论。
