Kol'tover V K
Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2010 May-Jun;50(3):259-63.
All biomolecular constructions and nanorecators are designed to perform preset functions. All of them operate with limited reliability, namely, for each and every device or bionanoreactor normal operation alternates with accidental malfunctions (failures). Timely preventive maintenance replacement (prophylaxis) of functional elements in cells and tissues, the so-called turnover, is the main line of assuring high system reliability of organism as a whole. There is a finite number of special groups of genes (reliability assuring structures, RAS) that perform supervisory functions over the preventive maintenance. In a hierarchic pluricellular organism, RAS are genetic regulatory networks of a special group of cells, like hypothalamic neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mammals. Of the primary importance is limited reliability of mitochondrial nanoreactors, since the random malfunctions of electron transport chains produce reactive anion-radicals of oxygen (superoxide radical, O2*(-)). With time, O2*(-) radicals initiate accumulation of irreparable damages in RAS. When these damages accumulate up to preset threshold level, a fatal decrease in reliability of RAS occurs. Thus, aging is the stochastic consequence of programmed deficiency in reliability of biomolecular constructions and nanoreactors including the genetically preset limit of the system reliability. This reliability approach provides the realistic explanation of the data on prolongation of life of experimental animals with antioxidants as well as the explanation of similar "hormetic" effects of ionizing radiation in low doses.
所有生物分子结构和纳米反应器都被设计用来执行预设功能。它们的运行可靠性有限，也就是说，对于每一个设备或生物纳米反应器，正常运行都会与意外故障（失效）交替出现。细胞和组织中功能元件的及时预防性维护替换（预防），即所谓的更新，是确保整个生物体系统高可靠性的主要途径。有有限数量的特殊基因群（可靠性保障结构，RAS）执行预防性维护的监督功能。在分层的多细胞生物体中，RAS是一组特殊细胞的基因调控网络，如哺乳动物视交叉上核中的下丘脑神经元。线粒体纳米反应器的有限可靠性至关重要，因为电子传输链的随机故障会产生活性氧阴离子自由基（超氧自由基，O2*(-)）。随着时间的推移，O2*(-)自由基会引发RAS中不可修复损伤的积累。当这些损伤积累到预设阈值水平时，RAS的可靠性会致命性下降。因此，衰老是生物分子结构和纳米反应器可靠性程序性缺陷的随机结果，包括系统可靠性的基因预设极限。这种可靠性方法为用抗氧化剂延长实验动物寿命的数据以及低剂量电离辐射类似的“兴奋效应”提供了现实解释。
