Hauer Patrick
Department of Physical Therapy, University of South Dakota School of Health Sciences, USA.
S D Med. 2010 Aug;63(8):285-7.
Methamphetamine (meth) is the most widely used illegal stimulant in the United States and is especially prevalent in Midwestern states. The sense of euphoria caused by the drug, the ease of manufacturing and the relatively low cost make it a drug of choice for many. The broad range of systemic effects potentially caused by the use of this drug is wide reaching and can vary in degree and presentation from patient to patient. Abnormalities include cardiac and pulmonary disorders as well as observable integumentary problems, psychoses, CNS disturbances, problems associated with immunity and constitutional signs and symptoms. Health care providers need to be vigilant in their efforts to identify patients who may be users of meth and to identify any subtle abnormal findings that may be indicative of significant underlying systemic pathology. Questionnaires like the RAFFT (Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble) and the MINI (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) can be helpful in identifying substance abuse disorders in patients.
甲基苯丙胺（冰毒）是美国使用最广泛的非法兴奋剂，在中西部各州尤为普遍。这种药物引起的欣快感、易于制造以及相对较低的成本使其成为许多人的首选毒品。使用这种药物可能导致的广泛全身影响范围很广，而且不同患者的程度和表现可能有所不同。异常情况包括心脏和肺部疾病以及可观察到的皮肤问题、精神病、中枢神经系统紊乱、与免疫相关的问题以及体质体征和症状。医疗保健提供者需要保持警惕，努力识别可能使用冰毒的患者，并识别任何可能表明存在重大潜在全身病理的细微异常发现。像RAFFT（放松、独处、遗忘、朋友、麻烦）和MINI（迷你国际神经精神病学访谈）这样的问卷有助于识别患者的药物滥用障碍。
