Structural analysis of a Synechococcus myovirus S-CAM4 and infected cells by atomic force microscopy.

A tailed cyanophage, S-CAM4 (family Myoviridae) from California coastal waters that infects Synechococcus, was characterized by atomic force microscopy. Capsomeric clusters of protein composing the 85 nm diameter icosahedral head were resolved and indicated a triangulation number of T=16. The 140 nm tail assembly, exhibiting a helical appearance with a 13 nm pitch, was seen in both extended and contracted states, the latter exposing the injection tube within. Attached below the base plate were six 50 nm long fibres, and six fibres 275-300 nm in length protruded from the periphery of the base plate. Protein-free DNA was abundant from ruptured heads. Virus attached en masse, in clusters and individually to cells, and cell fragments were recorded, as were perforated cells lysed by the phages. The capsid structure appears most closely related to that of the cyanophage Syn9 and the Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1, which may, in turn, be evolutionarily related to herpesvirus.