Spatial distribution of neural activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlea.

Activity in the central auditory system was mapped with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography, using either pure tones or electrical stimulation of the normal cochlea. Electrical stimulation with both monopolar (distant reference electrode) and bipolar prostheses near threshold increased 2-DG uptake in auditory nuclei in a manner similar to that seen with a pure tone: increased 2-DG uptake was restricted to a small frequency region of brainstem and mid-brain auditory nuclei. The position of this area was related to the cochlear location of the prosthesis. At higher current amplitudes only the bipolar prosthesis retained spatial restriction of evoked neural activity, while stimulation through a monopolar prosthesis produced evoked activity in all frequency regions of auditory nuclei, and in non-auditory nuclei. Activation of non-auditory structures was consistent with spread of current through the brainstem, rather than activation of peripheral nerves. At all current amplitudes, a monopolar prosthesis evoked higher levels of 2-DG uptake than a bipolar prosthesis. The results suggest that while a bipolar prosthesis provides greater spatial restriction of evoked neural activity and a greater dynamic range, a monopolar prosthesis produces higher levels of evoked activity.