Recombinant human beta-nerve growth factor (NGF): biological activity and properties in an enzyme immunoassay.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) supports sympathetic and sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system and also functions in the development and maintenance of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. NGF distribution can be studied in the brain of the rat and mouse with the use of a sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for mouse NGF. It would be of interest to measure the NGF protein also in the human brain, especially against the background that the cholinergic neurons are severely deteriorated in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. The limited immunological cross-reactivity between NGFs from different species has previously hampered attempts to determine levels of the human NGF. We have now examined the biological activity and immunological properties of human recombinant NGF protein in medium conditioned by COS cells transfected with the human NGF gene. The human NGF behaved similar to mouse NGF in a sympathetic ganglion bioassay. The monoclonal antibody 27/21 to mouse NGF was shown to effectively block the activity of both the human recombinant NGF and mouse native NGF. A two-site EIA using monoclonal antibody 27/21 was optimized. Under the conditions used, the EIA detected the human recombinant NGF with the same sensitivity (1 pg/ml) as shown for the mouse NGF. It should now be possible to test this EIA also on homogenized tissue to examine human NGF in brain samples from Alzheimer patients and age-matched controls.