Demakis George J, Hammond Flora M, Knotts Allison
Psychology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA.
Appl Neuropsychol. 2010 Jul;17(3):183-9. doi: 10.1080/09084282.2010.499752.
This study examined three scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Anxiety, Anxiety-Related Disorders, and Depression) in 88 participants 1 year after they suffered a moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were all enrolled in the federally funded Traumatic Brain Injury Model System project at Carolinas Rehabilitation. The following variables were assessed at the time of injury: age, sex, employment and marital status, and length of loss of consciousness. Disability status, using the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), was assessed at the time of discharge from the rehabilitation hospital. A series of three linear regression analyses found that these variables significantly predicted scores on the Anxiety and Anxiety-Related Disorders scales, which accounted for 14% and 17.7% of the variance, respectively. The variables did not significantly predict scores on the Depression scale. Within each regression analysis, DRS was consistently and negatively related to each PAI scale, such that greater disability was associated with better psychological functioning. Such seemingly paradoxical findings are discussed in terms of anosognosia or poor awareness of psychological functioning among those with greater disability 1 year after TBI.
本研究在88名参与者遭受中度至重度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）1年后，对人格评估量表（PAI；焦虑、焦虑相关障碍和抑郁）的三个分量表进行了考察。所有参与者均参加了卡罗莱纳康复中心由联邦政府资助的创伤性脑损伤模型系统项目。在受伤时评估了以下变量：年龄、性别、就业和婚姻状况以及意识丧失时长。使用残疾评定量表（DRS）在康复医院出院时评估残疾状况。一系列三项线性回归分析发现，这些变量显著预测了焦虑和焦虑相关障碍分量表的得分，分别占方差的14%和17.7%。这些变量并未显著预测抑郁量表的得分。在每项回归分析中，DRS与每个PAI分量表始终呈负相关，即残疾程度越高，心理功能越好。针对TBI后1年残疾程度较高者中存在的失认症或心理功能意识较差的情况，对这些看似矛盾的发现进行了讨论。
