Tydor Baumel J
Bar-llan University Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Holocaust Genocide Stud. 1990;5(3):293-312. doi: 10.1093/hgs/5.3.293.
Between 1934-1945 approximately 1000 unaccompanied Jewish children, refugees from Nazism, reached the United States. These were but a fraction of the total number of Jewish refugees who reached the USA during this period. Yet the Issue of child refugees differed from that of adults in several ways and therefore received separate mention in the American press. This article charts and analyzes the press coverage of the refugee child issue during six chronological periods 1934-1938 and the arrival and acclimatization of the first child refugees from Germany, late 1938 - Kristallnacht and the aroused consciousness of the plight of persecuted children in Germany, 1939 - the Wagner-Rogers Bill to permit the extra quota entry of 20, 000 children from Germany into the United States; 1940 - the evacuation of British children to the United States and the furor over the use of American "Mercy Ships"; 1941 -1944 - the arrival of Central European refugee children who had found temporary refuge in France, Spain and Portugal; 1945 - the repatriation of evacuees and the reunion of refugee children with their surviving parents
1934年至1945年间，约1000名无人陪伴的犹太儿童，即纳粹主义的难民，抵达了美国。这些儿童只是这一时期抵达美国的犹太难民总数的一小部分。然而，儿童难民问题在几个方面与成人难民问题有所不同，因此在美国媒体上得到了单独提及。本文按时间顺序梳理并分析了六个时期美国媒体对难民儿童问题的报道：1934年至1938年以及首批来自德国的儿童难民的抵达与适应；1938年末至水晶之夜以及德国受迫害儿童困境引发的关注；1939年——瓦格纳-罗杰斯法案，该法案允许额外配额让2万名德国儿童进入美国；1940年——英国儿童被疏散到美国以及对美国“仁慈船”使用的愤怒；1941年至1944年——在法国、西班牙和葡萄牙找到临时避难所的中欧难民儿童抵达美国；1945年——被疏散者的遣返以及难民儿童与其幸存父母的团聚
