All Souls College, University of Oxford, High Street, Oxford, OX1 4AL, UK.
Econ Hum Biol. 2010 Dec;8(3):297-308. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2010.07.002. Epub 2010 Jul 27.
Among affluent countries, those with market-liberal welfare regimes (which are also English-speaking) tend to have the highest prevalence of obesity. The impact of cheap, accessible high-energy food is often invoked in explanation. An alternative approach is that overeating is a response to stress, and that competition, uncertainty, and inequality make market-liberal societies more stressful. This ecological regression meta-study pools 96 body-weight surveys from 11 countries c. 1994-2004. The fast-food 'shock' impact is found to work most strongly in market-liberal countries. Economic insecurity, measured in several different ways, was almost twice as powerful, while the impact of inequality was weak, and went in the opposite direction.
在富裕国家中，那些采用市场自由福利制度（同样也是英语国家）的国家往往肥胖症的流行率最高。廉价、易得的高能食物的影响常常被用来解释这一现象。另一种方法是，过度饮食是对压力的一种反应，而竞争、不确定性和不平等使市场自由社会更具压力。这项生态回归元研究汇集了 1994 年至 2004 年间 11 个国家的 96 项体重调查。快餐“冲击”的影响在市场自由国家中最为显著。以几种不同方式衡量的经济不安全感的影响几乎是其两倍，而不平等的影响则较弱，且方向相反。
