Damien E, Revell P A
Eastman Dental Institute, University College London - UK.
J Appl Biomater Biomech. 2004 May-Aug;2(2):65-73.
A review of the various coral bone graft substitutes currently available for experimental and biomedical applications and ongoing investigations of coral derived bone replacement materials is presented here. Natural and synthetic graft materials that have been studied in vitro and in vivo and used in different medical procedures in osseous tissue have focused mainly on freeze-dried bone, hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and coral. Coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) is manufactured from marine coral, which has a natural trabecular structure similar to that of bone, by the hydrothermal conversion of the calcium carbonate skeleton of coral to hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate. While many studies have demonstrated promising biocompatible properties and osteogenic results, as a bone graft substitute and bone void filler, the use of CHA may be limited owing to its inherent mechanical weakness and reduced biodegradation. The benefits of CHA as bone graft are predominantly its safety, biocompatibility and osteoconductivity so that it can be used as a substitution biomaterial for bone in many indications clinically. CHA can also be used as an efficient carrier system for the local delivery of growth factors to enhance osteointegration and implant fixation into peri-implant osseous tissue.
本文综述了目前可用于实验和生物医学应用的各种珊瑚骨移植替代物，以及对珊瑚衍生骨替代材料的持续研究。在体外和体内进行过研究并用于骨组织不同医疗程序的天然和合成移植材料主要集中在冻干骨、羟基磷灰石（HA）、磷酸三钙（TCP）和珊瑚。珊瑚羟基磷灰石（CHA）是由海洋珊瑚制造而成，通过将珊瑚的碳酸钙骨架水热转化为磷酸钙——羟基磷灰石，其具有与骨相似的天然小梁结构。虽然许多研究已证明其具有良好的生物相容性和促成骨效果，但作为骨移植替代物和骨缺损填充材料，CHA的使用可能会因其固有的机械弱点和较低的生物降解性而受到限制。CHA作为骨移植的主要优点是其安全性、生物相容性和骨传导性，因此在临床上许多适应症中它都可作为骨替代生物材料使用。CHA还可作为一种有效的载体系统，用于局部递送生长因子，以增强骨整合以及植入物在种植体周围骨组织中的固定。
