D'Antoni Anthony V, Battaglia Fortunato, Dilandro Anthony C, Moore Garrett D
Division of Pre-Clinical Sciences, New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York City, New York.
Clin Anat. 2010 Oct;23(7):798-802. doi: 10.1002/ca.21037. Epub 2010 Aug 27.
The anatomy of the muscular branches of the vertebral arteries has clinical relevance during surgical procedures, suboccipital injections, and manual therapies. Each vertebral artery is divided into four segments. Segment V3, found in the suboccipital triangle, courses posteromedially around the lateral mass to lie in a groove on the posterior arch of the atlas, ultimately coursing beneath the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane to enter the skull. Although not always present, any muscular branch that emanates from this segment to supply the suboccipital muscles is called the suboccipital artery of Salmon. There is a paucity of literature on this artery despite its clinical relevancy. We found the suboccipital artery of Salmon in 10 (67%) of 15 embalmed adult cadavers. This frequency is considerably higher than that in previous reports. Two (20%) of the 10 cadavers demonstrated bilateral and symmetrical suboccipital arteries of Salmon (one artery on each side). Four (40%) of the 10 cadavers had an arrangement of two parallel suboccipital arteries of Salmon on one side, and one on the contralateral side. Three (30%) of the 10 cadavers displayed an asymmetrical unilateral arrangement (only one artery). One (10%) of the 10 cadavers displayed the unique arrangement of three arteries of Salmon on one side and one artery on the contralateral side. This study adds to a limited, but growing, body of knowledge by providing photographic evidence of the course and arrangement of these arteries and, therefore, can be of value to surgeons and other clinicians whose procedures focus on the suboccipital region.
椎动脉肌支的解剖结构在外科手术、枕下注射及手法治疗中具有临床意义。每条椎动脉分为四段。V3段位于枕下三角，向后内侧走行，绕过侧块，位于寰椎后弓的沟内，最终在寰枕后膜下方走行进入颅骨。尽管并非总是存在，但从该段发出的供应枕下肌肉的任何肌支都称为萨尔蒙枕下动脉。尽管该动脉具有临床相关性，但相关文献较少。我们在15具防腐处理的成年尸体中的10具（67%）中发现了萨尔蒙枕下动脉。这一频率明显高于以往报告中的频率。10具尸体中有两具（20%）显示双侧对称的萨尔蒙枕下动脉（每侧一条动脉）。10具尸体中有四具（40%）一侧有两条平行的萨尔蒙枕下动脉，另一侧有一条。10具尸体中有三具（30%）显示不对称的单侧排列（只有一条动脉）。10具尸体中有一具（10%）显示出一侧有三条萨尔蒙枕下动脉，另一侧有一条动脉的独特排列。本研究通过提供这些动脉走行和排列的照片证据，增加了有限但不断增长的知识体系，因此，对于手术重点在枕下区域的外科医生和其他临床医生可能具有价值。
