Jungmann Lara, Bohnert Michael, Schmidt Ulrike, Pollak Stefan
Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Freiburg.
Arch Kriminol. 2010 Jul-Aug;226(1-2):55-65.
Sudden unexpected death from a natural (pathological) cause often occurs under suspicious circumstances suggesting foreign intervention, so that a forensic autopsy is deemed necessary. In adults, a significant share of these deaths is due to spontaneous ruptures of the aorta. In figures, dissections of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch (mostly associated with secondary perforation into the pericardium) account for a large percentage followed by arteriosclerotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta (with retroperitoneal and sometimes intraperitoneal hemorrhage). The authors report on two fatal aortic ruptures in which the hemorrhage showed an unusual route to spread. In the first case an 80-year-old man with an arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta died from acute intestinal bleeding via an aortojejunal fistula. In a 42-year-old man, a dissecting hemorrhage in the wall of the aortic arch resulted in the compression of the branching sites of the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery, while the volume of blood in the pericardium was rather small (60 ml). On the basis of these examples, the medicolegal aspects of spontaneous aortic ruptures are discussed.
自然(病理)原因导致的意外猝死常常发生在存在暗示有外来干预的可疑情况下,因此法医尸检被认为是必要的。在成年人中,这些死亡中有很大一部分是由于主动脉自发性破裂。具体数据显示,升主动脉和主动脉弓夹层(大多伴有继发性心包穿孔)占很大比例,其次是腹主动脉硬化性动脉瘤(伴有腹膜后出血,有时还有腹腔内出血)。作者报告了两例致命性主动脉破裂病例,其中出血呈现出不寻常的扩散途径。在第一例中,一名患有腹主动脉硬化性动脉瘤的80岁男性因通过主动脉空肠瘘导致的急性肠道出血死亡。在一名42岁男性中,主动脉弓壁的夹层出血导致头臂干、左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉分支部位受压,而心包内的血量相当少(60毫升)。基于这些例子,对主动脉自发性破裂的法医学方面进行了讨论。