Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Case Postale 158, 2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010 Nov;57(2):703-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.017. Epub 2010 Aug 31.
The genetic landscape of the European flora and fauna was shaped by the ebb and flow of populations with the shifting ice during Quaternary climate cycles. While this has been well demonstrated for lowland species, less is known about high altitude taxa. Here we analyze the phylogeography of the leaf beetle Oreina elongata from 20 populations across the Alps and Apennines. Three mitochondrial and one nuclear region were sequenced in 64 individuals. Within an mtDNA phylogeny, three of seven subspecies are monophyletic. The species is chemically defended and aposematic, with green and blue forms showing geographic variation and unexpected within-population polymorphism. These warning colors show pronounced east-west geographical structure in distribution, but the phylogeography suggests repeated origin and loss. Basal clades come from the central Alps. Ancestors of other clades probably survived across northern Italy and the northern Adriatic, before separation of eastern, southern and western populations and rapid spread through the western Alps. After reviewing calibrated gene-specific substitution rates in the literature, we use partitioned Bayesian coalescent analysis to date our phylogeography. The major clades diverged long before the last glacial maximum, suggesting that O. elongata persisted many glacial cycles within or at the edges of the Alps and Apennines. When analyzing additional barcoding pairwise distances, we find strong evidence to consider O. elongata as a species complex rather than a single species.
欧洲动植物的遗传格局是由第四纪气候循环中冰的消长引起的种群流动塑造的。虽然这在低地物种中得到了很好的证明，但对于高海拔分类群知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了阿尔卑斯山脉和亚平宁山脉 20 个种群的叶甲 Oreina elongata 的系统地理学。我们对 64 个个体的三个线粒体和一个核区进行了测序。在 mtDNA 系统发育中，七个亚种中的三个是单系的。该物种具有化学防御和警戒色，绿色和蓝色形式表现出地理变异和出乎意料的种群内多态性。这些警告色在分布上表现出明显的东西向地理结构，但系统地理学表明，这种结构是多次起源和消失的结果。基部分支来自阿尔卑斯山脉中部。其他分支的祖先可能在意大利北部和亚得里亚海北部幸存下来，然后东部、南部和西部种群分离，并迅速通过阿尔卑斯山西部传播。在回顾了文献中校准的基因特异性替代率后，我们使用分区贝叶斯 coalescent 分析来确定我们的系统地理学时间。主要分支早在末次冰盛期之前就已经分化，这表明 O. elongata 在阿尔卑斯山脉和亚平宁山脉内部或边缘经历了许多冰川循环。在分析额外的条形码成对距离时，我们发现有强有力的证据表明将 O. elongata 视为一个物种复合体而不是一个单一物种。
