University of Oklahoma, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, 202 W. Boyd Street, Room 334, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-1024, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Oct 15;408(22):5445-51. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.089. Epub 2010 Sep 1.
Elevated concentrations of acidity and metals in acid mine drainage (AMD) may be effectively addressed by active and passive treatment technologies. However, typical evaluations consider only chemical water quality with little if any regard for biological metrics. Robust evaluations including both chemical and biological indicators of water quality improvement are needed. In this study, injection of alkaline fluidized bed ash (FBA) into a flooded underground coal mine was coupled with a five-cell passive treatment system to ameliorate an abandoned AMD discharge in eastern Oklahoma. The passive system included process units promoting both aerobic and anaerobic treatment mechanisms. Resulting water quality changes and biological responses were evaluated. Organisms of two distinct functional groups (the filter-feeding mollusk Corbicula fluminea and the wide-spectrum feeding fish Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to mine waters in several treatment cells. The combination of treatment technologies was hypothesized to limit potential negative effects on these aquatic organisms. Tissues were harvested and analyzed for concentrations of several metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ni, Cu and Zn) of interest. Organismal responses, such as hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and condition index, did not vary significantly among organisms exposed within different treatment cells when compared to non-AMD impaired waters. Metal tissue accumulation trends, compared to aqueous concentrations, were observed for Fe, Ni and Zn. Exposure experiments with these two organisms indicated that FBA introductions coupled with passive treatment decreased the potential adverse effects of AMD to biological systems.
酸性矿山排水 (AMD) 中酸度和金属浓度的升高可以通过主动和被动处理技术来有效解决。然而，典型的评估仅考虑化学水质，很少考虑生物指标。需要进行包括化学和生物水质改善指标在内的稳健评估。在这项研究中，将碱性流化床灰 (FBA) 注入淹没的地下煤矿，并与五室被动处理系统相结合，以改善俄克拉荷马州东部废弃的 AMD 排放。被动系统包括促进好氧和厌氧处理机制的处理单元。评估了由此产生的水质变化和生物响应。两种不同功能群的生物（滤食性软体动物 C. fluminea 和广谱摄食性鱼类 L. macrochirus）暴露于几个处理单元中的矿山水中。假设处理技术的组合将限制对这些水生生物的潜在负面影响。采集组织并分析几种金属（Al、Fe、Mn、Mg、Ca、Ni、Cu 和 Zn）的浓度。与非 AMD 受损水域相比，暴露于不同处理单元内的生物体之间的生物体响应（如肝体比、条件因子和条件指数）没有显着差异。与水相浓度相比，观察到 Fe、Ni 和 Zn 的组织金属积累趋势。用这两种生物进行的暴露实验表明，FBA 引入与被动处理相结合，降低了 AMD 对生物系统的潜在不利影响。
