Kumar R, Khosla R K, Kumar V
Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh.
Indian Pediatr. 1990 Nov;27(11):1165-9.
Efficiency of out-reach immunization strategies operationalised in a rural area of district Ambala (Haryana) was evaluated. Till year 1984-85 immunization delivery was 'sporadic'. Annual cluster immunization campaigns were conducted during 1985-86 and 1986-87. This comprised of delivery of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and/or measles once in a year to all eligible children, other vaccine continued to be delivered by health workers during routine beats. Regular immunization sessions were undertaken in 1987-88 and 1988-89. All the vaccines were delivered on 4 fixed days (one day per week) of each month, covering village at least once a month. Significant increase in immunization coverage was observed after cluster campaigns. OPV increased from 46.5 to 73.6%, DPT from 49.1 to 75.5%, BCG from 48.7 to 72.2%, measles from 8.6 to 45.8% and tetanus toxoid (TT) for pregnant women (PW) from 41.8 to 65.3%. Under regular programme the coverage levels were maintained at OPV 79.4%, DPT 78.2%, BCG 70.6%, measles 48% and TT (PW) 76.2%. Regular out-reach immunization strategy was found to be better than cluster campaigns as it was 'regular' and high coverage level could be maintained.
对在安巴拉地区（哈里亚纳邦）一个农村地区实施的外展免疫策略的效率进行了评估。直到1984 - 1985年，免疫接种工作是“零星的”。在1985 - 1986年和1986 - 1987年开展了年度群体免疫运动。这包括每年为所有符合条件的儿童接种一次口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）和/或麻疹疫苗，其他疫苗继续由卫生工作者在常规巡诊时接种。在1987 - 1988年和1988 - 1989年进行了常规免疫接种。所有疫苗在每个月的4个固定日期（每周一天）接种，每月至少覆盖一次村庄。群体免疫运动后免疫接种覆盖率显著提高。OPV从46.5%提高到73.6%，百白破疫苗从49.1%提高到75.5%，卡介苗从48.7%提高到72.2%，麻疹疫苗从8.6%提高到45.8%，孕妇破伤风类毒素（TT）从41.8%提高到65.3%。在常规项目下，覆盖率维持在OPV 79.4%、百白破疫苗78.2%、卡介苗70.6%、麻疹疫苗48%和TT（孕妇）76.2%。发现常规外展免疫策略比群体免疫运动更好，因为它是“常规的”，可以维持高覆盖率。
