National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Eur J Orthod. 2011 Jun;33(3):311-7. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjq078. Epub 2010 Sep 5.
This study aimed to evaluate the malocclusions of patients with a cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and to compare malocclusion characteristics between subjects with a pre-foramen incisor cleft (PIC) and a trans-foramen incisor cleft (TIC). A cross-sectional study was conducted of 117 cleft patients (53 per cent male) aged 6-37 years (mean age 14.7 ± 7.4 years) who attended the Dental Specialty Center in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, between 2004 and 2007. Oral clefts were classified and radiographic examinations and dental casts were analysed to determine malocclusions and facial patterns. Malocclusion measurements were compared between the PIC and TIC groups by Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. The percentage of subjects with PIC, TIC, post-foramen incisor cleft, and rare cleft were 20.5, 73.5, 5.1, and 0.9 per cent, respectively. The prevalence of malocclusions in subjects with a CLP was 82.1 per cent (molar relationships Classes II and III) in 6- to 12-year-olds, and a severe malocclusion [dental aesthetic index (DAI)] was observed in all patients aged 13 years and above. The frequency of patients with a normal canine relationship, open bite, and anterior crossbite was higher in the PIC group than in the TIC group (6-12 years). Patients aged 13 years and above in the PIC group showed lower means for the largest anterior maxillary irregularity, higher means for positive anterior mandibular overjet, a lower frequency of crowding in the anterior incisal segments, and a normal antero-posterior molar relationship compared with the TIC group. Severe malocclusions were prevalent in subjects with a CLP. Subjects with a TIC have higher prevalence of malocclusions than those with a PIC.
本研究旨在评估唇腭裂（CLP）患者的错畸形，并比较前切牙孔裂隙（PIC）和经切牙孔裂隙（TIC）患者的错畸形特征。这是一项在巴西福塔雷萨市牙科专科中心进行的横断研究，共纳入了 117 名唇裂患者（53%为男性），年龄为 6-37 岁（平均年龄 14.7 ± 7.4 岁），研究时间为 2004 年至 2007 年。对口腔裂隙进行分类，并进行影像学检查和牙模分析，以确定错畸形和面部模式。采用 Mann-Whitney 和 Fisher 精确检验比较 PIC 和 TIC 组的错畸形测量值。PIC、TIC、前切牙孔裂隙和罕见裂隙的患者比例分别为 20.5%、73.5%、5.1%和 0.9%。6-12 岁 CLP 患者的错畸形发生率为 82.1%（磨牙关系为 II 类和 III 类），所有 13 岁及以上患者均存在严重错畸形（牙美学指数（DAI））。6-12 岁时，PIC 组患者正常尖牙关系、开颌和前牙反颌的频率较高，13 岁及以上患者的 PIC 组前上颌最大不规则性的平均值较低，正性前下颌覆盖的平均值较高，前切牙段拥挤的发生率较低，前磨牙的前后向关系正常。CLP 患者中严重错畸形较为常见。与 PIC 组相比，TIC 组的错畸形发生率更高。
