National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, Helsinki, Finland.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2010 Sep;9(9):1045-53. doi: 10.1586/erv.10.99.
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations have been included in Finland's national vaccination program as a two-dose schedule since 1982. Owing to the high (>95%) coverage of vaccinations, indigenous MMR diseases were eliminated from Finland by the mid-1990s. In 1982, the incidence of measles, mumps and rubella was 105, 43 and 64 per 100,000 population, respectively, but declined to 0.1 per 100,000 population for all MMR diseases in 1995. Since then, the few cases of measles, mumps and rubella imported annually have not caused any outbreaks. Several research projects that started along with the vaccination campaign have provided important support throughout the program. The vaccine was proven to be safe, immunogenic and effective. Antibody follow-up has revealed that MMR vaccine-induced antibodies wane over time, and concerns have arisen about the continuation of this good situation. High vaccination coverage, enhanced surveillance and preparedness to administer additional doses when needed are key factors for future success. Here we present an overview of MMR vaccinations and the Finnish experience of the MMR disease elimination process, and we describe surveillance activities in the era following elimination in Finland.
自 1982 年以来，芬兰将麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗纳入国家免疫接种计划，实行两剂接种方案。由于疫苗接种率很高（>95%），本土 MMR 疾病在 20 世纪 90 年代中期已从芬兰消除。1982 年，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的发病率分别为每 10 万人 105、43 和 64 例，但到 1995 年，所有 MMR 疾病的发病率已降至每 10 万人 0.1 例。此后，每年输入的少数麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹病例未引起任何暴发。自接种运动开始以来，几个研究项目为整个计划提供了重要支持。疫苗被证明是安全、具有免疫原性和有效的。抗体随访显示，MMR 疫苗诱导的抗体随时间推移而减弱，人们对这种良好情况能否持续存在表示担忧。高疫苗接种率、加强监测以及在需要时准备好额外剂量是未来成功的关键因素。在这里，我们概述了 MMR 疫苗接种以及芬兰消除 MMR 疾病的经验，并描述了芬兰消除疾病后监测活动的情况。
