Durand Jorge
University of Guadalajar.
Lat Am Perspect. 2010;37(5):12-28. doi: 10.1177/0094582x10379103.
Since the 1980s and especially the 1990s, Peru has become a nation of emigrants. Emigration has become massive over the past two decades, and the Peruvian populations of the United States, Japan, and Spain have tripled in less than a decade. A survey of households in five localities, three urban and two rural, in and around Lima helps to reveal the special character of this emigration. It tends to involve older and better-educated individuals than are typical of international migration and to target a wider variety of destinations. Moreover, it is a multiclass phenomenon. The economic, political, and social crisis brought about by a change in the economic model, two decades of terrorism, and a succession of failed democratic administrations has affected the society as a whole, and international migration seems to operate as an escape valve.
自20世纪80年代，尤其是90年代以来，秘鲁已成为一个移民国家。在过去二十年里，移民规模变得庞大，秘鲁裔美国人、日本人和西班牙人的数量在不到十年的时间里增长了两倍。一项针对利马及其周边五个地区（三个城市地区和两个农村地区）家庭的调查有助于揭示这种移民的特殊性质。与典型的国际移民相比，这种移民往往涉及年龄较大、受教育程度较高的人群，并且目标目的地更为广泛。此外，这是一种多阶层现象。经济模式转变、二十年的恐怖主义以及一系列失败的民主政府所引发的经济、政治和社会危机影响了整个社会，而国际移民似乎起到了安全阀的作用。
