Zhang Wei-wei, Sun Dan-feng, Li Hong, Zhou Lian-di
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2010 Jul;31(7):1483-91.
Single factor water quality identification index was adopted to assess the surface water quality of Miyun reservoir watershed in Beijing using nearly 20 years monitoring data of 4 sites, also the surface water quality pollution sources were analyzed. The results indicated TP had the largest temporal variation at every monitoring site, coefficients of variation were 93.86%, 86.08%, 50.56% and 139.47%, respectively. The following element was Hg, the coefficients of its variation were 86.08%, 25.75%, 56.52% and 47.01%, respectively. While TN, permanganate index, BOD5, Pb and Cr were relatively stable with small coefficient of temporal variation. The permanganate index, BOD5, Pb and Cr did not exceed to the Chinese surface drinking water standard limit in the study period, while Hg had high pollution risk in several years, such as monitoring sites S1 and S3 in 1992, monitoring sites S4 in 1996. The major pollutants of Miyun reservoir watershed in Beijing were TN and TP, and TN had larger pollution risk compared with TP in most years. Comparing to that before the 1990s, the decade average fertilizer, pesticide and agricultural plastic mulch inputs after the 1990s had increased by 46%, 173% and 359%, respectively. The husbandry proportion in agriculture rose from 24.4% to 39.8%, and the average gross industrial production by 424%. The upstream of Miyun reservoir had larger pollution risk than its downstream. In addition, Chaohe watershed contributed more TN and TP to the reservoir than Baihe watershed.
采用单因子水质标识指数法，利用北京密云水库流域4个点位近20年的监测数据对其地表水水质进行评价，并分析了地表水水质污染源。结果表明，各监测点位总磷（TP）的时间变化幅度最大，变异系数分别为93.86%、86.08%、50.56%和139.47%。其次是汞（Hg），其变异系数分别为86.08%、25.75%、56.52%和47.01%。而总氮（TN）、高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量（BOD5）、铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）相对稳定，时间变异系数较小。研究期间，高锰酸盐指数、BOD5、Pb和Cr均未超过中国地表水饮用水标准限值，而Hg在若干年份存在较高污染风险，如1992年的S1和S3点位、1996年的S4点位。北京密云水库流域的主要污染物为TN和TP，且多数年份TN的污染风险大于TP。与20世纪90年代以前相比，90年代以后化肥、农药和农用塑料薄膜的十年平均投入量分别增加了46%、173%和359%。农业中畜牧业比重从24.4%上升到39.8%，工业总产值平均增长424%。密云水库上游的污染风险大于下游。此外，潮河流域对水库的TN和TP贡献率高于白河流域。
