Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010;64:143-62. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134309.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains are causing a severe pandemic of mainly skin and soft tissue and occasionally fatal infections. The basis of their success is the combination of methicillin resistance at low fitness cost and high virulence. Investigation of the virulence potential of CA-MRSA, a key prerequisite for the development of anti-CA-MRSA therapeutics, has focused on strain USA300, which is responsible for the most serious CA-MRSA epidemic seen in the United States. Current data indicate that in this strain virulence evolved via increased expression of core-genome-encoded virulence determinants, such as alpha-toxin and phenol-soluble modulins, and acquisition of the phage-encoded Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. All these toxins impact disease progression in animal models of USA300 infection. In contrast, the basis of virulence in other CA-MRSA epidemics, which also include PVL-negative strains, is poorly understood.
社区相关性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（CA-MRSA）菌株正在引发一种主要是皮肤和软组织感染，偶尔致命的严重流行。它们成功的基础是耐甲氧西林的低适应成本和高毒力的结合。对 CA-MRSA 毒力潜力的调查，是开发抗 CA-MRSA 治疗方法的关键前提，研究重点是 USA300 菌株，它是美国最严重的 CA-MRSA 流行的罪魁祸首。目前的数据表明，在这种菌株中，毒力通过增加核心基因组编码的毒力决定因素（如α-毒素和酚可溶性调节蛋白）的表达以及获得噬菌体编码的潘顿-瓦伦丁白细胞毒素（PVL）基因而进化。所有这些毒素都会影响 USA300 感染动物模型中的疾病进展。相比之下，其他 CA-MRSA 流行菌株（包括 PVL 阴性菌株）的毒力基础尚不清楚。
