University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Center for Soil and Environmental Science, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Chemosphere. 2010 Dec;81(11):1536-43. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.024. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
The effects of sewage sludge on soil quality with regard to its nutrient and heavy metal content, microbial community structure and ability to maintain specific soil function (degradation of herbicide glyphosate) were investigated in a three months study using an alluvial soil (Eutric Fluvisol). Dehydrated sewage sludge significantly increased soil organic matter (up to 20.6% of initial content), total and available forms of N (up to 33% and 220% of initial amount, respectively), as well as total and plant available forms of P (up to 11% and 170% of initial amount, respectively) and K (up to 70% and 47% of initial amount, respectively) in the upper 2 cm soil layer. The increase of organic matter was most prominent 3d after the application of sewage sludge, after 3 months it was no longer significant. Contents of nutrients kept to be significantly higher in the sewage sludge treated soil till the end of experiment. Contents of some heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb) increased as well. The highest increase was found for Zn (up to 53% of initial amount), however it was strongly bound to soil particles and its total content was kept below the maximum permissible limit for agricultural soil. Based on molecular fingerprinting of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS fragment on 3rd day and 3rd month after sewage sludge amendment, significant short term effects on bacterial and fungal communities were shown due to the sewage sludge. The effects were more pronounced and more long-term for bacterial than fungal communities. The mineralization of (14)C-glyphosate in the sewage sludge soil was 55.6% higher than in the control which can be linked to (i) a higher glyphosate bioavailability in sewage sludge soil, which was triggered by the pre-sorption of phosphate originating from the sewage sludge and/or (ii) beneficial alterations of the sewage sludge to the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil.
本研究采用冲积土（Eutric Fluvisol）进行了为期三个月的研究，调查了污水污泥对土壤质量的影响，包括其养分和重金属含量、微生物群落结构以及维持特定土壤功能（除草剂草甘膦降解）的能力。脱水污水污泥显著增加了土壤有机质（最高可达初始含量的 20.6%）、总氮和有效氮（分别增加了 33%和 220%），以及总磷和植物有效磷（分别增加了 11%和 170%）和钾（分别增加了 70%和 47%）在 2cm 土壤层的上层。在施用污水污泥后 3 天，有机质的增加最为显著，3 个月后不再显著。直到实验结束，在污泥处理的土壤中，养分含量仍保持较高水平。一些重金属（锌、铜、铅）的含量也有所增加。锌的增幅最大（高达初始量的 53%），但它与土壤颗粒强烈结合，其总量保持在农业土壤的最大允许限值以下。基于细菌 16S rRNA 基因和真菌 ITS 片段的分子指纹图谱，在添加污水污泥后第 3 天和第 3 个月，发现细菌和真菌群落受到了显著的短期影响。细菌群落的影响比真菌群落更为显著和持久。污水污泥土壤中（14）C-草甘膦的矿化率比对照土壤高出 55.6%，这可能与（i）污水污泥土壤中草甘膦的生物有效性较高有关，这种较高的生物有效性是由污水污泥中磷酸盐的预吸附引发的，或者（ii）污水污泥对土壤物理化学特性的有益改变有关。
