Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, 31034 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2010 Oct 15;143(3):183-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.08.015. Epub 2010 Aug 21.
The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of devastating fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould disease of tomato. Antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of aromatic plants, which belong to the Lamiacea family such as origanum (Origanum syriacum L. var. bevanii), lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. var. stoechas) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), were investigated against B. cinerea. Contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in a dose-dependent manner. Volatile phase effects of essential oils were consistently found to be more effective on fungal growth than contact phase effect. A volatile vapour of origanum oil at 0.2 μg/ml air was found to completely inhibit the growth of B. cinerea. Complete growth inhibition of pathogen by essential oil of lavender and rosemary was, however, observed at 1.6 μg/ml air concentrations. For the determination of the contact phase effects of the tested essential oils, origanum oil at 12.8 μg/ml was found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea completely. Essential oils of rosemary and lavender were inhibitory at relatively higher concentrations (25.6 μg/ml). Spore germination and germ tube elongation were also inhibited by the essential oils tested. Light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed that the essential oils cause considerable morphological degenerations of the fungal hyphae such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations, hyphal shrivelling and protoplast leakage and loss of conidiation. In vivo assays with the origanum essential oil, being the most efficient essential oil, under greenhouse conditions using susceptible tomato plants resulted in good protection against grey mould severity especially as a curative treatment. This study has demonstrated that the essential oils are potential and promising antifungal agents which could be used as biofungicide in the protection of tomato against B. cinerea.
本研究旨在寻找替代目前用于防治毁灭性真菌病原体灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）的合成杀菌剂的方法，灰葡萄孢是番茄灰霉病的病原菌。对属于唇形科的芳香植物（如牛至（Origanum syriacum L. var. bevanii）、薰衣草（Lavandula stoechas L. var. stoechas）和迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis L.））的地上部分提取的精油的抗真菌活性进行了研究，以对抗 B. cinerea。发现不同浓度的精油的接触和挥发相作用以剂量依赖的方式抑制 B. cinerea 的生长。发现挥发相作用始终比接触相作用对真菌生长更有效。在 0.2μg/ml 的空气中，牛至油的挥发蒸气被发现完全抑制了 B. cinerea 的生长。然而，薰衣草和迷迭香油的完全生长抑制是在 1.6μg/ml 的空气浓度下观察到的。为了确定测试精油的接触相作用，发现牛至油在 12.8μg/ml 时完全抑制了 B. cinerea 的生长。迷迭香油和薰衣草油在相对较高的浓度下（25.6μg/ml）具有抑制作用。孢子萌发和芽管伸长也被测试的精油抑制。光镜和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察表明，精油会导致真菌菌丝发生相当大的形态退化，如细胞质凝结、空泡化、菌丝萎缩、原生质渗漏和产孢丧失。在温室条件下使用易感番茄植物进行的体内试验表明，最有效的精油牛至油对灰霉病严重程度具有良好的保护作用，特别是作为一种治疗方法。本研究表明，精油是有潜力和有前途的抗真菌剂，可以作为生物杀菌剂用于保护番茄免受 B. cinerea 的侵害。
