Department of Soil, Plant, Environment and Animal Productions Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Oct 13;58(19):10283-99. doi: 10.1021/jf101574r.
Polymerin is a humic acid-like polymer, which we previously recovered for the first time from olive oil mill waste waters (OMWW) only, and chemically and physicochemically characterized. We also previously investigated its versatile sorption capacity for toxic inorganic and organic compounds. Therefore, a review is presented on the removal, from simulated polluted waters, of cationic heavy metals [Cu(II), Zn, Cr(III)] and anionic ones [Cr(VI)) and As(V)] by sorption on this natural organic sorbent in comparison with its synthetic derivatives, K-polymerin, a ferrihydrite-polymerin complex and with ferrihydrite. An overview is also performed of the removal of ionic herbicides (2,4-D, paraquat, MCPA, simazine, and cyhalofop) by sorption on polymerin, ferrihydrite, and their complex and of the removal of phenanthrene, as a representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, by sorption on this sorbent and its complexes with micro- or nanoparticles of aluminum oxide, pointing out the employment of all these sorbents in biobed systems, which might allow the remediation of water and protection of surface and groundwater. In addition, a short review is also given on the removal of Cu(II) and Zn from simulated contaminated waters, by sorption on the humic acid-like organic fraction, named lignimerin, which we previously isolated for the first time, in collaboration with a Chilean group, from cellulose mill Kraft waste waters (KCMWW) only. More specifically, the production methods and the characterization of the two natural sorbents (polymerin and lignimerin) and their derivatives (K-polymerin ferrihydrite-polymerin, polymerin-microAl(2)O(3) and -nanoAl(2)O(3), and H-lignimerin, respectively) as well as their sorption data and mechanism are reviewed. Published and original results obtained by the cyclic sorption on all of the considered sorbents for the removal of the above-mentioned toxic compounds from simulated waste waters are also reported. Moreover, sorption capacity and mechanism of the considered compounds on polymerins and lignimerins are evaluated in comparison with other known natural sorbents, especially of humic acid nature and other organic matter. Some of their technical aspects and relative costs are also considered. Finally, the possible large-scale application of the considered sorption systems for water remediation is briefly discussed.
聚合体是一种腐殖酸样聚合物，我们之前首次从橄榄油厂废水（OMWW）中回收并对其进行了化学和物理化学特性分析。我们还研究了其对有毒无机和有机化合物的多功能吸附能力。因此，本文对该天然有机吸附剂在模拟污染水中对阳离子重金属[Cu（II）、Zn、Cr（III）]和阴离子[Cr（VI）和 As（V）]的去除进行了综述，与合成衍生物 K-聚合体、聚合体-水铁矿复合物和水铁矿进行了比较。本文还综述了聚合体、水铁矿及其复合物对离子型除草剂（2,4-D、百草枯、MCPA、西玛津和氯氟草醚）的吸附去除以及对多环芳烃代表芘的吸附去除，并指出了这些吸附剂在生物床系统中的应用，这可能允许对水进行修复并保护地表水和地下水。此外，本文还简要回顾了我们之前首次与智利的一个团队合作，从纤维素厂硫酸盐制浆废水中分离出来的腐殖酸样有机组分木质素聚合体在模拟污染水中对 Cu（II）和 Zn 的去除，特别介绍了两种天然吸附剂（聚合体和木质素聚合体）及其衍生物（K-聚合体、聚合体-水铁矿、聚合体-微 Al2O3 和纳米 Al2O3，以及 H-木质素聚合体）的制备方法和特性，以及它们的吸附数据和机制。还报告了在所有考虑的吸附剂上通过循环吸附从模拟废水中去除上述有毒化合物的已发表和原始结果。此外，还评估了所考虑的化合物在聚合体和木质素聚合体上的吸附容量和机制，并与其他已知的天然吸附剂，特别是腐殖酸性质和其他有机物进行了比较。还考虑了它们的一些技术方面和相对成本。最后，简要讨论了所考虑的吸附系统在水修复方面的大规模应用的可能性。
