Institute of Forensic Medicine, Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int. 2010 Dec 15;203(1-3):53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.07.011. Epub 2010 Sep 9.
Large inter-individual variability in drug response and toxicity, as well as in drug concentrations after application of the same dosage, can be of genetic, physiological, pathophysiological, or environmental origin. Absorption, distribution and metabolism of a drug and interactions with its target often are determined by genetic differences. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations can appear at the level of drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., the cytochrome P450 system), drug transporters, drug targets or other biomarker genes. Pharmacogenetics or toxicogenetics can therefore be relevant in forensic toxicology. This review presents relevant aspects together with some examples from daily routines.
药物反应和毒性以及相同剂量应用后药物浓度的个体间差异很大，其原因可能是遗传、生理、病理生理或环境因素。药物的吸收、分布和代谢以及与靶点的相互作用通常由遗传差异决定。药代动力学和药效动力学的变化可能出现在药物代谢酶（如细胞色素 P450 系统）、药物转运体、药物靶点或其他生物标志物基因的水平上。因此，法医学毒理学中涉及到药物遗传学或毒理学遗传学。本文综述了相关方面，并结合日常工作中的一些实例进行了介绍。
