印度卡尔帕卡姆马德拉斯原子能发电站（MAPS）周边25年环境监测数据评估。
Evaluation of 25 y of environmental monitoring data around Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), Kalpakkam, India.
作者信息
Rajaram S, Brindha J Thulasi, Sreedevi K R, Manu Anitha, Thilakavathi A, Ramkumar S, Santhanakrishnan V, Balagurunathan M R, Jesan T, Kannan V, Hegde A G
机构信息
Environmental Survey Laboratory, Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India.
出版信息
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2010 Dec;142(2-4):314-23. doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncq215. Epub 2010 Sep 8.
The Environmental Survey Laboratory at Kalpakkam, India carries out elaborate monitoring programme involving atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic samples for radioactivity to evaluate the impact of operating two pressurised heavy water reactors. This paper presents the evaluation of 25 y (1983-2008) data. Statistical analysis of the environmental data for different radionuclides showed that the data best fits log-normal distribution. The data analysed showed that fission products such as (137)Cs, (90)Sr and (131)I were due to global fallout only. A ratio of 0.2 was obtained for (90)Sr to (137)Cs in air filter samples, only during Chernobyl accident period. The transfer factor of (137)Cs and (90)Sr for rice was computed to be 0.23 and 0.03 and vegetables 0.25 and 0.10, respectively. Activation products (3)H and (41)Ar are the only radionuclides that are related to MAPS operation. A strong correlation (r = 0.9) was observed between (3)H activity in air and (3)H discharged to the atmosphere. A similar correlation (r = 0.8) was observed in (3)H concentration in seawater and (3)H discharged in the liquid waste. The annual internal dose due to (3)H and annual external dose due to (41)Ar evaluated in the last 25 y show that the members of the public received less than 2 % of the dose limit (1 mSv y(-1)) set by ICRP 72.
印度卡尔帕卡姆的环境调查实验室开展了详尽的监测计划，涉及大气、陆地和水生样本的放射性检测，以评估两座压水重水反应堆运行产生的影响。本文展示了对25年（1983 - 2008年）数据的评估。对不同放射性核素的环境数据进行统计分析表明，这些数据最符合对数正态分布。分析数据显示，诸如（137）铯、（90）锶和（131）碘等裂变产物仅源于全球沉降。仅在切尔诺贝利事故期间，空气过滤器样本中（90）锶与（137）铯的比率为0.2。计算得出水稻对（137）铯和（90）锶的转移因子分别为0.23和0.03，蔬菜对（137）铯和（90）锶的转移因子分别为0.25和0.10。活化产物（3）氢和（41）氩是仅与马德拉斯原子电厂（MAPS）运行相关的放射性核素。观察到空气中（3）氢活度与排放到大气中的（3）氢之间存在强相关性（r = 0.9）。在海水中（3）氢浓度与液体废物中排放的（3）氢之间也观察到类似的相关性（r = 0.8）。对过去25年评估的因（3）氢产生的年度内照射剂量和因（41）氩产生的年度外照射剂量表明，公众成员所接受的剂量低于国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）72号出版物设定的剂量限值（1 mSv y⁻¹）的2%。
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