Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich and Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
J Phys Chem B. 2010 Oct 7;114(39):12473-9. doi: 10.1021/jp103943y.
Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is used for nondestructive characterization of colloidal crystals of different numbers of hexagonally dense packed layers fabricated by convective self-assembly. Whereas small crystallites with random orientation were obtained in case of monolayers, the scattering data obtained from multilayer samples revealed colloidal domains over areas of a few centimeters where the single crystalline domains are mainly aligned along the growth direction. The data indicates an increasing degree of self-organization going from monolayers to multilayers. Within the multilayer samples, the stacking sequence of the hexagonally packed layers is evaluated using a numerical model for fitting the X-ray scattering data containing the stacking parameter, a. Compared with an expected complete random stacking with a = 0.5, the fitted stacking parameter, a = 0.63 ± 0.01, averaged over a sample area of about 1 mm(2) indicates a preference for a cubic stacking sequence. This value is smaller than reported by various local probe techniques.
掠入射小角 X 射线散射（GISAXS）用于通过对流自组装制造的不同数量的六边形密堆积层胶体晶体进行非破坏性表征。在单层的情况下，获得了具有随机取向的小晶体，但是从多层样品获得的散射数据显示出胶体域，其面积为数厘米，其中单晶畴主要沿着生长方向排列。数据表明，从单层到多层，自组织程度不断增加。在多层样品中，使用包含堆积参数 a 的数值模型来评估六边形堆积层的堆积顺序。与预期的完全随机堆积（a=0.5）相比，拟合的堆积参数 a=0.63±0.01，在约 1mm2的样品面积上平均，表明立方堆积序列的偏好。该值小于各种局部探针技术报道的值。
